Adaptation of Robotic Arachnid in the Tropical Rainforest

This paper actually presents ways of making a robotic arachnid adapt easily to the rainforest region, i. e. creating navigational algorithms that would enable the robot survive the rainforest when autonomously driven. According to a recent study, the robot to be built would get its adaptation features from an animal that easily adapts to its surroundings in the rainforest region like the amazon or thereabout; the model that would be created for the robot would be such that it would make use of the animal’s gait style and movement. This animal’s gait style and way of adapting to its surrounding would provide aid in creating the navigation algorithms necessary for the robot’s movement. From a study conducted by the crew from www. destination360. com, a list of animals that actually easily adapt to the rainforest is listed below; it is from this list that a an animal would be picked and a navigational algorithm would be created and used to help the gait style of the robot. This is the largest and most powerful member of the Amazon cats, the jaguar is revered locally as being a matchless hunter. It is leanly built and stealth in action. The jaguar is the King of the Amazonian food chain- it is best spotted in the forest area, near a stream, close to nightfall-this is also the time it mostly hunts for its prey. Its preferred habitats in the rainforest are the swampy and wooded regions in the rainforest. Some of the walking traits of the Jaguar are that it stalks and ambushes its prey, it is a very good climber, they enter water freely, active during the day, they hunt mainly at night and on the ground. They are also very swift hunters. The Jaguars are extremely powerful and the same power applies for their bite too. They are the second strongest of all mammals. One of the things we can take out the Jaguar in order to model the robot to be built, since the Jaguar has adaptive features such as its powerful limbs and agility in climbing tree trunks. Theory behind Jaguar The job to be done is to model the Jaguar’s gait style to suit the rainforest region. To do this we create a suitable control algorithm for the rainforest, therefore suitable regions would need to be accessed, like the marshy, sandy and other types of terrains with fallen logs of wood lying in the forest. We would like to make sure and robot to be built would have close to the same characteristics of the Jaguar. -It is usually located near water so it would be able to swim and navigate the aquatic terrain of the rainforest. -It is a cautious animal. It usually stalks and ambushes its prey. -It has a short and sturdy limb structure, which makes it adept for climbing, swimming and crawling. -It has a short and sturdy physique and thus easily fits in to adapt to its environment. Our robot should be strong enough to withstand the rigours of rainforest, so by studying the speed-torque characteristics of the actuators on the robot, to see if it will be strong enough to adapt to the rainforest, just like the Jaguar. The robot to be built would make use of legged locomotion for its movement givig it an edge in some terrains in the rainforest. What to be done is to study how it adapts to the rainforest. In creating these algorithms, once the path is known, a full body trajectory is drawn and with these an algorithm can be drawn. Observation I have discovered that to create algorithms, a full body trajectory starting with the trajectory for each leg is drawn or calculated using Inverse Kinematics such that the robot to be built would walk and keep balance (static stability analysis) at the same. Since robots walk according to a prescribed trajectory for a particular region errain to be studied (the rainforest being the preferred region). Trajectories are acquired by experience or some optimization. The Tapir This is another animal that can be found in the rainforest, their preferred habitat is the dense rainforest. According to a recent study done by a carnival-in-Brazil team, they are rarely found in mountainous regions. One of the oldest Brazilian Amazon animals, the tapir is the world’s most primitive animal. It is an animal that has short legs, so in order to model the hexapod robot; one good question to be asked is; how does it adapt easily to the rain forest? Other animals in the rainforest that adapt easily are the †¢Apes or Orangutans, †¢Piranhas †¢The vampire bat †¢The Tucuxi and Boto Dolphin †¢The manatee (water ox).

History of Caura River Essay

The Caura area was once an Arawak settlement and it lay in the valley along the Tacarigua river approximately five miles north of the eastern main road. When the British captured Trinidad in 1797, nineteen lots were marked along the river area. This represented a strip that began from the Caura Valley entrance and lead right up to the head waters of Tacarigua River. This distance covered became known as Caura River. The location and climate in the mountain area lead to the inhabitation of settlers who initiated the cocoa and coffee estates in the region. The valley was one of the healthiest localities in Trinidad. In 1943, the government and Sir Bade Clifford acquired all the land in and around the village of Caura in order to build a dam to supply the entire north of Trinidad with water. The plan was to dam the Caura River and construct a three hundred acre lake in the village area. In 1946, all the buildings and people were cleared and workers began to lay foundations of the dam. No further work has been carried out on the dam and all that can be seen are remnants from this project. After this, there was an attempt to make Caura and aesthetically pleasing park. Caura recreational park is situated in a central portion of the Tacarigua river valley in the St. George County east which is an estimated nine kilometers from the Tacarigua town on Caura Royal road. The park is approximately one and a half hours away from Port-of-Spain and almost an hour away from Arima. Improved conditions of Caura Royal Road has led to easier access to site hence more visitors. Vegetation is not unique but is important for water shed management and aesthetic reasons. Vegetation is mostly secondary growth. It is estimated that 60 % of the park area is formed by natural vegetation. However, cultivative species such as the Diptoryx ordorata(tonca bean) and calabash are common. Bamboo is also plentiful and is planted in riparian zones for ricer bank stabilization. The vegetation and the present ecological factors encourage a diversity of wild life. There is a presence of many forest ornamentals and fruit trees due to agricultural estates. Mammals present include agouti, lappe, deer, armadillo/ tattoo, opossum, manicou or porcupine. Birdlife include parrots such as the common orange winged parrot and the yellow headed parrot. There is also a population of the blue crowned motmot. Organisms include guabine, tata, cascara, cray fish and mountain crabs. Reptiles and Amphibians include tree frogs, the common iguana and three of the four types of venomous snakes. These are large coral snakes, Mapipire zanara and mapipire balsian.

Importance of Money in Sports

Man is constantly in search of new knowledge and discoveries, thus science is constantly being studied and updated with every new discoveries. The study of science has make a huge impact in our lives by helping to improve our quality of life and enabling us to make use of the knowledge of our surrounding to come up with inventions that are extremely useful in our daily lives. Despite the huge advantage of science which made lives easier for us, there are also negative repercussions which can arise out of science. Hence if there's no regulation in place, a world dominated by science may turn from a dream a nightmare for future generation. A world dominated by science may have dire consequences as that would mean that man would be able to manipulate Science according to how they want it to be. Currently, with experiments on stem cell research, cloning and all the bio-medical discoveries, it would not be long before man starts cloning humans in the near future. Therefore the future generations may have to live in a world where most of the things are unnatural and created by man. The situation may also end up just like the society that was being described in the novel † Braw New World†, whereby humans are dehumanized and created in the labs instead of being born by their mother naturally,. This will be a nightmare for the future generation since the idea of â€Å"family love†, which is present in today's society will be eroded due to the fact that the parents will no longer take care of their children since young and the meaning of being a parent may no longer be the same again. Hence, a world dominated by Science may become a nightmare for future generation with the eradication of natural emotions and relationships. The moral values that people believe in currently will be degraded gradually if we allow science to dominate the world. With the discovery of Science and the use of technology being part and parcel of our lives, people will no longer be unfamiliar with all the scientific discoveries and the benefits derived from them. Therefore even though some practices such as the cloning of human is still forbidden and considered illegal now, these rules may change over time as people may start to accept these ideas due to the change in lifestyles or surroundings, Therefore a world which is dominate by science may become a nightmare to the people as the moral and ethical values which people believe in currently may be completely diminished in future. Without such values, there would be chaos on earth since people may be free to do as they wish and there are no fixed set of guidelines for them to follow. On the other hand, science may be a dream for future generations since science will help human improve their standard of living and it will be a stepping stone for human to create a utopian world. Man has been doing a lot of things just for the sake of making the world a better place for people to live in. All the research, studies and explorations done by man have the purpose of letting us have a greater understanding of the world which we live in. By making use of all these knowledge, we would then be able to manipulate them so that we would have greater control of the world to make the world in which we live in a more comfortable place. Therefore the world will be considered a dream for the future generations. However, man will never ever be satisfied with his own lives. As the quality of living may improve gradually over time with the help of science and technology, people will keep yearning for a better life since man is greedy in nature and is never satisfied. This will become a never-ending cycle whereby people will keep asking for more, thus the future generation may not think that the world in which they would be living in is their ideal world. Hence in the point of view of the future generation, the world in which they would be living in may not be considered to be a dream to them. Therefore even though science may make our world a more idealistic place to live in, there has to be a limitation to the use of Science as an unregulated world will result in a society which may be too inhumane and where people may be dehumanized.

Critical Case Study Exploration Using Gibbs Model Essay

Critical Case Study Exploration Using Gibbs Model - Essay Example She also appeared to lack confidence in her nursing skills and had difficulties in relating theory to practice. Stage II Nursing skills are developed over time using education as a sound base along with the number of rich experiences (Dracup, 2004). Dreyfus had described the five stages that a nurse travelled through in her service: â€Å"novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert† (Dracup, 2004). Mentoring has been accepted as a sound method to facilitate the growth of a nurse in her journey from novice to expert. Mentoring has been defined as a relationship in which a more experienced person acts as an advisor for someone less experienced to assist his or her personal growth and development (ODEOPE 1999). The mentor ensures that her life experiences and knowledge are passed onto her mentee. The support motivates and enhances her career (Heartfield and Gibson, 2005). Mentors are competent people who are approachable and reasonable by nature apart from their ardent commitment to their wards. Heartfield and Gibson have identified four themes in relationship to nurse mentoring in general practice (2005). The mentor has to be qualified and experienced to choose the role of mentoring. The mentor and mentee must be accommodative to new relationships with cordiality. The mentee must be receptive to different mentors at different stages of her nursing journey. The infrastructure needs to promote equity in practice and provide workplace relief. Sound practice must be within ethical standards. Education must be a continuing process. The workplace must be flexible and conducive to professional development (Heartfield and Gibson, 2005). Technology support has to be available. Mentoring programs allowed the sharing of knowledge, skills and values one had with a less experienced novice nurse (NLN, 2006). The mentor passed on a legacy or gift to the mentee. The nursing profession was strengthened and patient care was improved through this sharing men tality (Henk, 2005). A successful partnership was trust-based and each would be spending time and energy to allow it to grow. Soon the mentor became a role-model (Kuhl, 2005). Literature however did not provide sufficient evaluation of mentoring programs. Future research has to focus on adequate evaluation of programs with appropriate variables. Cognitive and metacognitive skills needed to be developed for the appropriate clinical reasoning skill (Kuiper and Pesut, 2004). Self-regulated learning required these skills for reflective practice. An exhaustive survey of literature has found that reflective clinical reasoning depended on the acquiring of these skills (Kuiper and Pesut, 2004). The finding was that attention had to be provided to critical thinking and also to development of the metacognitive and cognitive skills for self-regulated reflective practice. Both were closely interlinked. Future studies needed to focus on considering these separate mechanisms, which supported teac hing and learning, together. Reflection if done purposefully was related to the adult learning theory (Cirocco, 2007). Issues could be understood with depth leading to the development of judgement and nursing skill. The critical thinking ability of nurses was examined by the College of Nurses of Ontario using a newly developed tool. All the 34 respondents were practicing reflection and 24 were using the new tool of which 19 claimed improvement. The limitation was that clear definitions of critical

Designing a database to manage references for a protein structure data Essay

Designing a database to manage references for a protein structure data set using MySQL - Essay Example The database should be able to perform frequent searches on structure resolution, author name and initials, institution name, and structure release date. It should also be able to frequently retrieve the information about journal articles, PDB code, and name of given protein structures. It should be able provide data in specified order for example, as per the resolution, or as per the number of articles and institution, or both resolution and number of articles and institution, or even as per a specified institution, etc. The database is for storing and managing data regarding macromolecular structures that are partly derived from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The data is provided by organizations that deposit, process, and distribute the information about protein sequences. Due to the complexity of this data care needs to be taken to ensure minimum data errors like missing data, size, alignment, propagation, ambiguity, and labeling. The application should be designed such that, on a user level it provides data management across the various database domains shared, by using a schema that allows the required data processing. The data should be retrieved, modified, and saved from tables using queries. The data is manipulated through applications that access the database in the database management system. The data model of the database defines data structure and behavior. Different aspects of the database are considered for creating models such as logical and physical model diagrams. It also gives detailed specifications of the attributes, rows and columns for tables, and files used to populate the database. 2. Logical schema of the database The logical model is used to document the data. The defined schema components represent the navigation in the schema diagram. The logical schema is constructed as a model independent of the management system and other physical considerations. The logical schema for the relational database design of the current database can be derived using normalization. Applying the normalization methods such as 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF obtains the physical schema result. 2.1 The Tables and their normalization process I. 1st Normal form (1NF): Table : Article Here, the entity Article has multiple authors as more than one people can author one articleabout various protein data structures. Therefore, to reduce redundancy by normalization 2NF is performed. II. 2nd Normal form (2NF): Table : Article Here, the entity Authors with its attributes have been created for the articles written by them. To further reduce redundancy, 3NF is performed. III. 3rd Normal form (3NF): Table : Article Here, the protein table has been created for the entity Protein to reduce the redundancy. This was because the attribute for Authors had redundancy regarding the protein structure; many authors can work on the same protein structure and therefore this was necessary. The logical structure of a database can be given graphically using an entity relationship (E-R) diagram. 2.1.1 Entity-Relationship diagram Attributes that are common to all domains belong

Business Process Reengineering in Construction Industry Essay

Business Process Reengineering in Construction Industry - Essay Example Green buildings built with the help of non-toxic products and materials will help combat these ill-effects of conventional building material. A lot has been said on the practice of Business Process Reengineering. Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance. With the world of information available at the click of a mouse, processes can be constantly improved and upgraded. This is true for any industry. The construction industry has also seen tremendous changes in the recent past. Reengineering of business processes has led to several changes in the way the construction industry operates today. "Owners want more predictable outcome in the realm of schedule, quality and cost, smoother delivery, better buildings, more value and more tailored solutions to specific needs. Today's world is full of choices. Project delivery will continue to come in many choices, colors, flavors and combinations. To support the many choices and options demanded by the marketplace we could use a standard for the common fabric under project delivery. The intellectual community is already on the Internet. As the business community moves onto the Internet the potential for digital anarchy is a serious concern for the future. Business solutions must be built on non-proprietary standards with applications that can communicate and inter-operate. Cooperation among competitors in this respect will allow all to prosper." Construction companies, the world over are shifting to environment-friendly solutions. Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc, the world-renowned Japanese construction company, has reengineered its business processes to keep in mind the protection of the environment while carrying on its activities. According to Teisuke Kitayama, President, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc. "Environmental Preservation Initiatives" dated June 29, 2005, http://www.smfg.co.jp/english/investor/library/annual/h1703annu_pdf/h1703_e_22.pdf accessed ,26 th April, 2008, SMFG has chalked out its business plans keeping in mind the impact on the environment. SMFG's Environmental Action Plan The Group CSR Committee promotes coordinated Groupwide environmental activities. Based on our Group Environmental Policy, we have a three-pronged action plan focusing on: 1) The reduction of environmental impact 2) The practice of environmental risk management 3) The promotion of environment-related businesses The Group CSR Committee systematically follows the PDCA (plan, do, check, act) cycle of planning, performing, checking and improving in pursuing environmental activities centered on these three areas. Professor Martin Charter, Aleksandra Kielkiewicz-Young, Alex Young, Andrew Hughes The Centre for

Enviornmental Hazard Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Enviornmental Hazard - Term Paper Example Oloruntoba(2005) points out that tsunami often moves in all directions and when the huge waves surge into the land, it takes place in different countries and different populations at the same time. Evidently, each culture has different needs as they differ greatly in socio-economic and cultural conditions. So, it becomes necessary for the various relief and donor agencies to adapt themselves according to the environment. As a result, it takes a comparatively longer time for them to get a complete picture of the disaster and the needs. It is pointed out by Oloruntoba that as the destruction is usually large scale, there arise issues in logistics and coordination. To support the claim, the scholar points out that in the 26 December 2004 tsunami, a landing plane hit a cow on the runway causing a blocked runway for many hours in Banda Aceh. According to Oloruntoba (2005) where there is such large scale destruction, the coordination of the relief response in a large geographical area by v arious international and national agencies becomes a difficult task. Two immediate needs when such a disaster occurs are to evacuate the people to safer places and to repair the roads and infrastructure to reach the place of disaster. In addition, there should be measures to prevent spread of diseases and to ensure food and water. However, when the relief operations are not focused on these tasks, there arises a difference between the needed relief and the provided relief. Oloruntoba (2005) points out a factor that no other scholar in this review seemed to have pointed out. That is, often, the promised donations and funds are not delivered by the donors. As Oloruntoba (2005) pointed out, in Darfur, Western Sudan, only one third of the promised financial aids were received after Hurricane Mitch. Here, it seems that Oloruntoba does not look into the fact that NGOs too can lack in communication and coordination abilities. For example, Nisha Sahai Achuthan, on the third anniversary of D ecember 24 tsunami, looked into the way NGOs work in the State of Tamil Nadu in India where there was a lot of destruction. Achuthan (2009) points out that when the scholar contacted one NGO named n-Logue, it was found that despite their claims of having 1500 internet and voice service kiosks in the tsunami hit areas, they could not provide any information about the locations of these kiosks. Admittedly, the work by Nigel Martin (2007) provides a better insight into as to what goes wrong in nations like Indonesia and India in the case of disaster management. It is pointed out that the very first reason for failure is government information systems and management failure. Though the Indian Air Force was informed about the earthquake and tsunami in 2004 at about 7.30 am that day, the crisis management group of Indian government held its meeting at 1.00 pm, exactly five and a half hours after the initial alert. Similar was the situation of Indonesia too. In the view of Martin (2007), t hough Indonesia was alerted by the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, the country seemed to have taken no steps at all. Admittedly, all the scholars point out the fact that the existing political situation in the affected area will have a serious impact on the quality of service provided. When there is discrimination in the existing social system, it becomes a difficult task for the international organizations to offer unbiased attention. The last two

Logistic and Supply Chain Management Research Paper

Logistic and Supply Chain Management - Research Paper Example There has been a shift of environmental responsibility from the consumer to the manufacturer. Also, the retailers have become more dominant as compared to manufacturers in the supply chain relationship and they are generally the drivers of a sustainable and green supply chain (Business Guide, 2003). A block diagram of a green supply chain is shown in Figure 1.1(Fortes, 2009). The government owns the primary responsibility to influence supply chain sustainability. The government can achieve progress on this by effective use of bans, subsidies, and incentives. The government can come up with measures such as environmental labels, licenses and product design guidelines (Business Guide, pp. 42). There are already a number of regulations in place for sustainability. These include U.S. Farm security and rural investment act (2002), European Union’s Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS), China ROHS, E.U. Cosmetics directive, E.U. Packaging Directive, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and REACH. In addition, there are International Standards such as WRAP, FLA, ICTI CARE, ISO 14000 and ISO 26000 for addressing environmental causes (Business for Social Responsibility, 2007). The relationship between brand owners and retailers is changing. Big retailers such as Walmart have a huge clout over the manufacturers and control the types of products they want to keep on their shelves. In addition, the retailers and brand owners are also under tremendous pressure from NGOs and other organizations working for environmental causes. This pressure comes from the opportunity cost due to a risk of reputation loss among the stakeholders. Some of the well known non-profit organizations working in collaboration with companies for environmental sustainability are Carbon Trust, Ceres, Clinton Climate Initiative, Conservation International and Earth share (Tilde, 2010).  Ã‚  

M Sc Dissertation Proposal ( Dividend policy) Essay

M Sc Dissertation Proposal ( Dividend policy) - Essay Example The dividend policies to be undertaken are based on the present and future financial attitudes of the company. The inclination and direction of the investors are also considered. A company may select any of the following three types of dividend policies; The disbursement and amount of dividends are factors for debate for quiet a long time now. Black (1976) states that, â€Å"Under conditions of symmetric information and taxes, dividends have been dubbed a puzzle†. A number of authors model dividend policy based on the assumption that info is dealt out asymmetrically between managers and capitalists. Bhattacharya (1979, 1980) indicates that firms pay dividends since dividends indicate the private information of directors and thus it assists market players evaluate about the firm accordingly. Some of the major oil producing companies in the UK and those listed in the stock exchanges is taken as sample for the research work. Their dividend policies and the percentage of pay out in these firms of the oil sector are considered for the research analysis. The study will follow the ‘Research Process’. Collis and Hussey explain, ‘Research is a process of enquiry and investigation that is conducted in a systematic and methodical way with a view to increasing knowledge’ (Collis and Hussey, 2009). In simple terms the research process can be understood in four steps, a) Plan Search, b) do the research, c) Collect info, and d) Evaluate and reflect. The research will be based on a secondary research. The rationale of the research is to analyse the dividend policy of the oil sector for the last five years. Based on the analysis, a conclusion of the dividend policy of the company will be figured out. The Lintners model on dividend policy will be surveyed to identify and explain the dividend policy of the oil sector. The analysis of the research would be to examine the number of firms which had

Results and Discussion of Research Data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Results and Discussion of Research Data - Essay Example gaining a wider attention due to major allegations as well as criticism associated with racial discrimination amid different football clubs in the UK (Jones & Smith, 2011; Bebber, 2008). Therefore, the aim of this research study is to critically evaluate the issue of racism in football in Sheffield, UK with extracting and discussing four particular themes from the collected primary data. In order to attain the aforesaid aim, the discussion of the data incorporates a set of objectives relating to different research areas associated with the issue of racism in football in Sheffield, UK. These objectives have been clearly elaborated in the following: In relation to the interview process conducted for retrieving data from male, football supporter/players aged 26 years, the questions have been structured in light with the key aims and objectives of the study. According to the data revealed from the primary data collection technique, the process of conducting interview with male individuals was highly aimed with investigating their attitudes in the Sheffield area towards the football matches, specifically on racism aspect and its impact on the sport. In this context, the interview questions have been developed by strong compliance with ethical codes and also eliminating such perceptions that might raise personal interests or any sort of racial discrimination. The questionnaire survey for this research study was conducted with the participation of total 200 respondents who were mainly the supporters, viewers and the players associated with British football of Sheffield. The results obtained from the questionnaire survey thus reflected valuable facts about the issue of racism in Sheffield football. According to the data revealed from the questionnaire survey, majority of the participants i.e. 70.3% of the total 135 respondents are likely to watch football matches on televisions. Whereas, 22.9% are regular attendees and 46.4% are likely to attend football matches on

Relationship between Lung and Tooth Abscess Assignment

Relationship between Lung and Tooth Abscess - Assignment Example If tooth decay is discovered early, cavities that could develop into abscesses can usually be treated. Since both diseases develop due to poor oral hygiene, practicing proper oral hygiene is the best way to prevent oneself from contaminating the abscesses. Avoiding cigarette and alcohol consumption not only serves as a prevention measure for a tooth abscess but also for a lung abscess. In ancient times, lung abscesses posed challenges to practitioners because of the long duration of the illnesses. A lung abscess was commonly associated with morbidity and mortality and supportive care was the major form of treatment. According to Ferri (2013), â€Å"a lung abscess is an infection of the lung parenchyma resulting in a necrotic cavity containing pus† (p. 9). In order to better comprehend this infectious disease of the respiratory tract, one needs to know the risk factors associated with the disease. Ferri’s (2012) study found the risk factors to be alcohol-related problems, seizure disorders, cerebrovascular disorders, drug abuse, poor oral hygiene and obstructive malignant lung diseases. According to Joiner, â€Å"a dental abscess develops when a pus-filled sac forms in the tissue at the root of a tooth† (2001, p. 348). It is known to bring intolerable pain to the affected. The tooth usually throbs and aches to make chewing or biting very painful. If one does not seek medical care, the infection spreads through the surrounding tissue and bone, causing the neck and face glands to become swollen. This is usually accompanied by a severe headache and fever, which are the common symptoms of infections. Joiner (2001) adds that the causes of a tooth abscess are bacteria accumulation in the deep pockets found between gums and teeth or infections on the roots of teeth. Numerous symptoms are observed in persons suffering from lung and tooth abscesses. These symptoms are usually prolonged occurring for weeks to months. For a  lung abscess, they include fever, chills and sweats, coughs, sputum production and amphoric breath sounds (Ferri, 2012).

Richard IIIs Battle speech Essay Example for Free

Richard IIIs Battle speech Essay Question a) Examine the literary elements such as diction, symbolism, rhythm, and tone in this extract, and analyze their significance. b) Then, examine how this extract is translated onto film, paying close attention to the ways in which the film adaptations by Laurence Olivier and Al Pacino enhance/ modify your understanding of the play text. Answer a) The extract passage from Shakespeares Richard III depicts how King Richard gives his battle speech to his army, focusing on the raggedness of Richmonds army and their opposition to him as a King. The extract passage is right after King Richard had a dream where the ghosts of all the people he had killed spoke and condemns him. I will be analyzing extract passage from the play, commenting on theme, settings, diction, symbolism, rhythm and tone. In part (b), I will be analyzing the film adaptations of Olivier and Al Pacino on this particular extract, commenting on how each director interpret the extract passage, particularly on the Mise-en-scene of each film adaptation. As Richard was giving his oration to the army, there is structural irony in his speech. It is an irony that he tells his army they having lands, and blest with beauteous wives, Richmonds army will restrain the one, distain the other because in the first place, Richard and the other Yorkists were the ones who killed Henry IV and overthrew the Lancasters who were ruling then. Another irony is that he was the one who uses the power of language to manipulate and seduce Lady Anne, stealing the beauteous wife of Henry IV first. Such irony is engaged by Shakespeare to emphasize one of the themes of the play which is the allure of evil. Richard III does not explore the cause of evil in the human mind so much as it explores its operation, depicting the workings of Richards mind and the methods he uses to manipulate, control, and injure others for his own gain. Another literary device Shakespeare used in this play is the rhyming couplet: March on, join bravely, let us tot pell-mell/ If not to heaven, then hand in hand to hell. In Shakespeares poem, the rhyming couplet has an important significant. We see Richard, after this extract passage, obsessed with his own self-preservation, as indicated by his cry of [a] horse! A horse! My kingdom for a horse!. Richard clearly reveals his priorities. He would trade everything for a horse on which to improve his chances of surviving the battle rather than die honorably for his cause and this is contradicting his prior speech to the army. Richard III is written in blank verse. Blank verse is unrhymed lines made up of ten syllables in which every second syllable is stressed (study unit 1 pg 26). The rhythms of the verses are caused by these unrhymed iambic pentameters Shakespeare uses. Iambic pentameter is a line made up of five pairs of short/long, or unstressed/stressed, syllables. For example: de-VISED at-FIRST to-KEEP the-STRONG in-AWE. This gives the verses rhythm and makes the verses interesting to read. The tone of the extract passage is strong. There are uses of exclamation marks, for example: Off with his son Georges head! to show the wrath of Richard. Richard also poses questions. For example: Shall these enjoy our lands? Lie with our wives?. Questions can engage the viewers, making the viewers enter his thinking. The lines are also kept within ten syllabus and the words are short so that it will produce a more punchy effect as it is being read out. The short words and rhythmic tone in turns make the diction of the extract clear too. b) In Pacinos film adaptation of extract passage of Richard III, Richard was filmed giving the oration to his army. When examining the cinematic space of the film, the camera shot from a very low angle as Richard was giving the oration. Richard is in the foreground and this makes him look very much bigger. Since it is shot from a low angle up to Richard, Richard seems to be looking down on everyone as he is speaking, emphasizing his power and authority. His oration is quite long and this emphasizes the power of language in achieving political powers, which is one of the central themes to Richard III. Language may not always be a necessary instrument of power, but for Richard, it is a crucial weapon. His extraordinary skill with words enables him to manipulate, confuse, and control those around him. In this case, Pacino is trying to show us that Richards words are powerful and he uses them to control his army. Also, as they shot from the low angle, it depicts the round, bird-like silhouette of Richard, emphasizing on his deformity even more. His deformed body is a symbol of corrupted nature and Pacino make the viewers see that. Richard was the only one being filmed when he was giving the oration. He is in power, but he is alone: his brothers, nephews, and even his own wife are all dead at his hand, his mother has cursed and abandoned him, and even the person who was once his closest friend-Buckingham-has been sent to execution. His army was also not in the frame. Pacino probably wants to emphasize the fact that his army is not actually with him. His army served him not out of respect and loyalty but because they were afraid of him since he constantly beheads anyone who comes into his path. In this film of the extract passage, it vividly dramatizes the contrast between Richards character and Richmonds character, shifting the scene back and forth between them a few times. The leaders, in their respective camps, make almost identical preparations as they ready for the next days battle, but the difference between them can be seen in the way they go about their business. Richard speaks brusquely to his lords, and, as we can see, essentially is isolated from all human contact. Pacino made Richmond appeared gracious. The pre-battle preparation of the two leaders clearly shows their different styles: Richmond was filmed praying to God. In contrast, Richard simply mocks the enemy soldiers, calling them a scum of Bretons and base lackey peasants Looking for Richard is a documentary film and for this scene, Richard is actually not dressed in the medieval costume. It is more like a rehearsal. This suggests Pacinos search for the most effective way to bring the world of King Richard to life for a contemporary audience. It also points to their conviction that Shakespeares characters and themes are timeless: Everyone can look for Richard, and find him, in the world around them. In Oliviers film adaptation of the extract passage Richard III, Richard was not filmed giving the long oration to his army. Instead, the viewers were treated to a battle to watch. The film adaptation was very much close to Shakespeares play. Olivier spoke with rhythm as Richard addresses his army. As he spoke March on, the army shouted a hail as a reply. After he spoke the rhyming couplet: pell-mell and to hell, he leads his army forward on his horse. It was dramatic as he was about to go to the battle. The film was in technicolour and this probably appeals to the viewers at that time. With the technicolour used, the viewers were able to see vividly the colour of their medieval costumes and this makes the whole film real and engaging. The scene of the film was a long shot. There was not much editing done. Spatially, it was shot from afar so that both the army and Richard can be seen. There was not much close up shot except for when Richard has fallen off the horse and his crown rolled away. This foreshadows Richards dethroning. In conclusion, the literary elements such as rhythm, diction, tone, settings, symbolism and themes compliments each other, making Shakespeares play a classic read all time. Both Pacinos and Oliviers film adaptation of Richard III provides viewers with different interpretation of the play, widening the viewers perspective of the play. Bibliography ELT370 Shakespeare on film study guide. SIM University. 2011 Looking For Richard. Dir. Al Pacino. Perf. Al Pacino, Vincent Angell, Harris Yulin, Alec Baldwin. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation, 1996. Film.

The Problem Solving Techniques Philosophy Essay

The Problem Solving Techniques Philosophy Essay From the dawn of the age of the Man, solutions to a number of problems were sought after for generations, everywhere under the blue sky and above great heavens. But have we really looked into that one place where we truly can find them; the Human Mind? From the moment you were born, you encountered a number of problems of which, survival was of utmost importance. You may not recall, but there came a moment when you could no longer stay within the safety of your mothers womb. So after being propelled through a birth canal, you encountered the need to fill your lungs with sufficient amounts of air keep the oxygen supply to the streaming blood. By instinct you made your first cry and took your very first breath; the mysterious problem of need to breath was solved. After a number of years, here you are, trying to understand why you need to learn how to solve problems. So whats there to learn about solving problems? What makes it important to learn about solving problems? Is this going to be a waste of time? All these questions will be answered by the end of this paper. But, just so that we know where exactly we are heading, I would like to bring your attention to the following statement. The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them. -Albert Einstein- (1879 -1955) Therefore we are going to take a journey towards understanding what a problem is, how to understand the details of a problem properly, how to approach in solving a problem and finally how do we proceed beyond that. By the end of this tutorial, you will have gained the following skills. Understanding what a problem is. Approaching a problem with an investigative narrative. Using various techniques to address a problem and come to an agreeable solution. Leading up on a solution to a given problem. What is a problem? In the simplest terms, a problem is a challenge that is posed on an individual or a group of people with the intention of overcoming it. Such a challenge creates a state in the environment that requires resolution. So when you come across a problem, always think in terms that this is a state that needs be resolved. Never ever think of it in terms of being a hazard that needs to be tackled and thrown off of your head as soon as possible. Problems and Confidence: Any problem can be addressed in a number of ways and some of them may fail while others would bring agreeable results. There could be situations where the only way to reach to an agreeable solution is to make some compromises. Never the less, taking a positive attitude towards problems covers the most important factor needed in solving a problem; confidence. But you must also understand that just like under confidence gets in the way of solving a problem successfully, so would over confidence. It is by striking a balance you will reach a state of mind best suited to addressing a problem. When you wish to solve a problem, having faith on yourself itself will not take you anywhere. Instead, you should strengthen yourself with a number of techniques and tools that will help you build that confidence. The purpose of teaching you this particular module is to give you a starting point on such techniques, tricks and tools. Then you may use these tools at your disposal and become a successful problem solver. Problem Investigation Techniques: Just like any complex endeavor, problem solving itself consists of a number of interrelated tasks that must be addressed in a gradual, step-by-step manner. This approach makes understanding, planning and understanding a problem better, allowing you to come to a solution that is agreeable enough. In the simplest terms, we are trying to understand a problem so that we can plan ahead and face it well. This is what we are trying to achieve by analyzing a problem. Given below are a set of steps you may take in getting a better grasp at the root of a problem. State the problem you are about to solve in a well detailed manner: Try to be precise as well as detailed. Even though you already know the problem well enough, by making sure that you actually note it down, you will have the advantage of your visuals sensory system coupled with part of your brain trying to come to a better interpretation of the problem. In preparing a problem statement, you may ask the following questions from yourself. Is it a question you must answer? Is it an obstacle you must overcome? Is it a person you must persuade? Is it a decision you must make? Is it an opponent you must defeat? Is it a goal you must achieve? Is it a goal you must set? Is it a problem you must define? Has the problem being defined for you? State the parts of the problem that can be addressed separately: The great emperor Julies Caesar is attributed to the saying Divide et Impera in Latin which translates to Divide and Conquer in English. We will be taking the same approach in dividing a relatively complex problem into a smaller and comparatively less complex set of problems that can each be addressed individually. During this step, you may ask following questions from yourself. Is the problem really a collection of many problems? Can you divide the problem by defining terms? Are there any implicit terms to define? Can abstract terms be restated in concrete terms? Can the problem be solved in steps? Are half-way solutions possible? Can the problem be substantially solved? Is a partial solution better than none? State the problem in the broadest terms: There is an inherent deficiency in most forms of human communication in delivering sub-textual messages via common communication methods. Same could have happened with the problem you are trying to solve when it was introduced to you. Therefore, instead of looking at the problems face value, you may take an effort to take a look at the big picture. In doing so you may ask following questions from yourself. Is the problem part of a larger one? Is it geographically broader? Is it an effect of a larger problem? Is it only a sign or symptom? Can concrete terms be restated in abstract terms? Is a general solution possible? Is a political solution possible? Is a group solution possible? State your role in solving the problem: Identifying what your role in solving a given problem is very important. Some problems are posed on an individual, and some are on a group. Just like one must know how to play his role in a group so that an agreeable solution can be reached, the same is true with an individual trying to solve a problem. One must understand what type of a role he will be playing (i.e. evasive, neutral, hasty, etc.) to better position himself in the contextual environment of a problem that needs to be solved. You may ask following question from yourself in undertaking this step. Was the problem presented to you? Do you accept the challenge? Should you volunteer yourself to solve the problem? Are your emotions dependency factors in reaching a particular solution? Will you be assuming a certain role in solving a problem? State the names and interests of others who are involved: Knowing what role you will be playing in solving is never complete without knowing what other parties are taking an interest in the same problem, problem solving process, or the outcomes of the final solution. Close attention must be paid to observing their interests and roles they play in any given problem, let it be friendly or hostile. Ask yourself the following questions in completing this task. Has this problem being presented to others? Can you delegate the problem? Can you delegate selected parts of the problem or the problem solving process? Who else is interested in the problem itself or the solution to the problem? Who else is directly affected by the solution? Who else is indirectly affected by the solution? State solutions to a similar problem found in the past: There is a very popular term not only in the academia, but also in various other fields, that one should never reinvent the wheel. It is in fact figurative speech used in order to say that one should never waste resources in perfecting an entity that is already perfect for a given purpose. In the same manner, it would be a waste to solve a problem that has already been solved before in an agreeable manner. You may simply use such solutions as references and either apply them directly or adapt them to the specifics of a given problem. Take some time and ask yourself the following questions. Were you able to identify any problems from the past that are already of the same nature? What similarities were you able to identify? What dissimilarities were you able to identify? Can solutions to such problems be applied to the problem at hand? Has your research provided with any agreeable enough solutions to your problem? State the affects of time factor over the problem and the solution: Even though a number of factors are needed to be managed precisely, none of them precede the importance of managing time in most of the situations. In time-critical problems late solutions are the same as no solutions at all. Therefore in solving a problem, ask yourself the following questions and try to understand how exactly the time factor affects the end solution. How will the problem evolve over time? Is there a deadline for the problem to be solved? What are the possibilities of postponing the solving process for a given problem? State your proposed solution to a given problem: It is not enough that you understand the problem itself and previous solutions; you must also come to the point of proposing a solution that is agreeable enough as well. First step to clarifying the problem is listing down the solution clearly enough that no part of it is misunderstood, leading to further unexpected problems. During this stage, ask yourself the following questions. What actions must be taken? Who must take each and every action? When must each action be taken exactly? What steps must be taken in the case of a failure or setback? State if the proposed solution is feasible enough to be used in the context: Once a problem is properly analyzed, understood and solution provided, the flow is not completed until you take initiation in doing a figurative postmortem of your own solution. Here you will try to understand how feasible a solution actually is compared to the stakes of the problem itself. What are the dependencies the provided solution has? Is the solution resource conserving? Does the solution meet various budgetary constraints? Is the solution legally acceptable? Is the solution morally acceptable? Now that you have completed a tiresome set of tasks that will actually help you understand a problem properly, address various steps in solving a problem, now you are ready to actually solve the problem. Pat yourself in the back and repeat the following words after meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ GET SET READY GO!

Problems And Prospect Of Information Technology

Problems And Prospect Of Information Technology Information is power. Without up to date and correct information men and organization cannot take appropriate decision in time. Information is a base for development. It is a grass root for the human life style. Information has changed the entire scenario of the society. Nobody can deny the importance of the information in the modern changing world. Economic development of the country depends on the information, coordination and transformation among the departments. Information Technology (IT) is a part of research and scientific knowledge. Information Technology played a tremendous role to channelize and control the social and human resources. After globalization liberalization and privatisation, information technology is the need of the hour in the country. In the global market IT sector has played a vital role to make the world as a global village. IT sector has given a platform for the scientist and educationist to create a new world, where there is no bifurcation on the basis of geographical region, ethnicity, caste, creed and religion. A day will come where the IT will create a world of civilization for the human being. The whole world now days is enjoying the benefit of IT achievements. The Jharkhand state was created on 15th November 2000.Now it is a separate state. There are other two state got separated, but in terms of development these two states has gone far ahead in comparison with Jharkhand. it is due to the absence backwardness of information Technology(IT) industries. If the Jharkhand government wants to make the Jharkhand development they must ensure the development of IT industries in Jharkhand in the interest of the people. The young generation of Jharkhand wants to increase their ability to compete with other states. So the government must give full support to the young generation to create a new era of development and growth of Jharkhand. Presently IT firms in Ranchi are unorganized. They are in the initial phase of its value chain. Most of them are only into trading, and providing services. There are very few firms who are into web designing and software development. Freelance IT consulting is also identified here because of the defragmented and unorganized IT industry. Unorganized sector is not able to provide satisfying salary and career development, because of low bargaining power of IT professionals. Most of the potential work forces are moving out from here for better job and career prospect because of these problems. The emergence of freelance consultancy is also one of its outcomes. The presence of IT firm is limited in terms of their operation. They are only into trading and providing IT solutions, there is no firm in manufacturing the IT related products. The list of important IT firm in Ranchi is given below:-[1] IT firms in Ranchi: Sl.No. Name Location Organization type 1 Chokhani Computers pvt. Ltd. Ranchi club complex, main road Ranchi Hardware supplier 2 Computer Network Near NIIT, Ranchi Hardware Suppliers 3 Computer India Near Roshapa tower,Main road Ranchi Hardware suppliers 4 Origin Infotech Commerce building, behind Mahaveer Tower,main road Ranchi Hardware suppliers 5 Computer Gallery Sainik Market, Main road Ranchi Hardware suppliers 6 Technocrat(Kolkatta based firm) Roshapa tower, main road Ranchi 7 SAISH ENTERPRISE Sen Villa, P.P. compound ,Ranchi IT Service provider 8 EXPRESS INFO SERVICES Ranchi Web designing 9 BSNL BSNL, Ranchi (Internet service provider)ISP 10 Reliance India ltd Ranchi ISP 11 SIFY Ranchi ISP 12 Zero Worries Ranchi ISP [1]. EXPRESS INFO BOOK (2006-2008). The information technology (IT) industry has become the most innovative and largest industries in the world. This sector has increased their productivity in developed and developing country. They are viewed as key driver of global economic growth. Economies of scale and increased demand from both consumers and enterprises are responsible for its rapid growth. The Information Technology Association of America (ITAA) explains the information technology as encompassing all possible aspects of information systems based on computers. It incorporates the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. [2] Researchers in Information Technology (IT) have defined information as data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient and is of real or perceived value in current or prospective actions or decisions(G. Devis, 1985). Technology has been defined as practical im ­plementations of intelligence. (F. Ferre, 1988).Tech ­nology is practical or useful, rather than being an end in itself. Information Technology (IT) is defined as technology used to acquire and process information in support of human purposes. It is typically instantiated as IT systems complex organizations of hardware, software, procedures, data, and people, devel ­oped to address tasks faced by individuals and groups, typically within some organizational set ­ting (March Smith, 1995). Information Technology industry: Information technology industry is defined as an industry where, there are number of firms producing, designing, selling and procuring IT products and services and competing with each other for profit, growth and economic development. [2]. www.wikipedia.com. Information technology deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and securely retrieve information. Both software development and the hardware involved in the IT industry include everything from computer systems, to the design, implementation, study and development of IT and management systems. The demand for IT services has increased substantially over the years because of its easy accessibility and the wide range of IT products available. The IT sector has emerged as a major global source of both growth and employment. Nobody can forget the contribution extended by late Honourable Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in the field of Information Technology (IT). He was the pioneer of the IT industry in modern India He introduced and implemented the application and use of Information Technology (IT) in various field in his tenure of 1986-1990. It is still a promising sector in India. It has generated revenues for both the domestic as well as the global market. Indias IT potential has attracted even multinationals to grab a share of profit in the IT boom. A significant rate of returns compelled them to invest and open their new units in India. The different states of India has also developed their core competency in IT sector and emerged as a global player (eg. Infoysis,TCS,Satyam,HCL,Wipro,etc).The growth in IT sector is because of the availability of the competent workforce in all section of the society. The large number of trained workforce was made possible in every part of India is because of the favourable government policies, educational institutions and the society at large. The women workforces Interest and competency towards this sector is also responsible for its rapid development and growth. Importance of IT Park in Jharkhand: The concept of IT Park in Jharkhand has taken its shape recently for the betterment of the society. The main objective to have an IT park in Ranchi district is to make them aware about the knowledge and importance of Information technology for their productive use. The IT Park will provide an opportunity to understand the positive aspect of Information Technology in this state. It will also remove the fear among the people towards the use and importance of IT industries. Historical Background The Indian Information Technology industry was started in the year way back in 1980. INFOYSIS was the first IT Company established in the year 1992 by Narayan murthy. After that, the Indian software industry has grown from a mere US $ 150 million in 1991-92 to a staggering US $ 5.7 billion (including over $4 billion worth of software exports) in 1999-2000. No other Indian industry has performed so well against the global competition. The annual growth rate of Indias software exports has been consistently over 50 percent since 1991. As per the projections made by the National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) for 2000-2001.Indias software exports would be around $ 6.3 billion, in addition to $ 2.5 billion in domestic sale. Indian Software Industry 1995-2000 (US $ million) 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01* Domestic software Market 490 670 920 1250 1700 2450 Software Exports 734 1085 1750 2650 4000 6300 Indian Software Industry 1224 1755 2670 3900 5700 8750 (* Source: NASSCOM Report, 2001- 2002) The Indian information technology sector has been instrumental in driving the nations economy onto the rapid growth curve. According to the NASSCOM-Deloitte study, the IT and Information Technology Enable services (ITES) industrys contribution to the countrys Gross Domestic product (GDP)has increased to a share of 5.2 per cent in 2007, as against 1.2 per cent in 1998. The IT and BPO industries revenues are worth US$ 64 billion by the end of fiscal year 2008, registering a growth of 33 per cent with exports expected to cross US$ 40 billion and the domestic market estimated to clock over US$ 23 billion, according to a study. Simultaneously, the Indian IT services market is estimated to remain the fastest growing in the Asia Pacific region with a Cumulative Aggregate (CAGR) of 18.6 per cent, as per a study by Springboard Research. Indias IT growth in the world is primarily dominated by IT software and services such as Custom Application Development and Maintenance (CADM), System Integration, IT Consulting, Application Management, Infrastructure Management Services, Software testing, Service-oriented architecture and Web services. A report by the Electronics and Software Export Promotion Council (ESC) estimates software exports to register a 33 per cent growth in the current financial year with export figures during FY 2008 expected to reach US$ 45 billion. The countrys IT exports have, in fact, come quite far, starting from a few million dollars in the early 1990s. The Government expects the exports turnover to touch US$ 80 billion by 2011, growing at an annual rate of 30 per cent per annum. [3] Significance of the Research project: The significance of this research project is manifold .Few important ones are stated below:- The Importance of Information Technology cannot be ignored by organizations and the society as well, because it has contributed significantly in the economic growth of India. Organizations and Society at all level has benefited out of this development prospects. At the same time development in this sector is supported by The Government. They are providing infrastructures to provide the basic awareness and education in the field of Information Technology (IT). First, this research study would bring the true scenario of IT sector in Jharkhand. [3]. NASSCOM REPORT (2000-2001) The development prospect is profitable in almost all possible sectors in Jharkhand, so, the emphasis on IT sector is a step towards understanding it in a more systematic way. 4) The possibility of future success in Jharkhand would be identified with the help of appropriate research methodology and tools. Domestic growths trends will be identified by the researchers in this sector. 5) The growth status in Jharkhand would provide important additional information about this industry for future development decision. The investigation of the problems and prospects in this sector would also bring more insight in the field of present research. The contribution of this research is towards the industrys benefit and also toward the benefit of the society in terms of employment generation opportunity. Objectives of the research project: To investigate the present status of IT industries in Jharkhand. To investigate the problems related to IT industries. To investigate the new prospect compare to other industries. To find out the contribution of IT industries in the employment generation. To find out the contribution of IT industries on working culture and employee health. Types of IT industries. There are different types of Software Company working in India. Their products and services are different from each other. Few of them are into software developing and some of them are more towards designing and producing hardware. Some of them are only into distributing the products and providing services to the customers and consumers. There are few which have only local and domestic influence but there are few which have domestic as well as global influence. Ultimately they all are contributing towards the economic development and employment generation in a best possible way. The categories of IT industries may be classified and identified on the basis of:- Geographical operation Investment Products Services Size Operation Target segment There are two major classifications in terms of geographical operation: 1. Multinationals IT firm 2. Domestic IT firm Indias domestic market has also become a force to reckon, with the existing IT infrastructure evolving both in terms of technology and depth of penetration. Global IT companies as well as domestic biggies like IBM, Accenture, HP, TCS, HCL and Wipro have witnessed a remarkable growth in their business. The domestic information technology business has become more attractive. India Incs demand for IT services and products has strengthened the growth in the domestic sector. The Role of Jharkhand government in promoting IT sectors/industries:- Rules and Regulations The Information Technology was introduced in India by the Honourable prime minister Late Rajiv Gandhi with an aim to make the India self reliant in every sector to equal the world. After Liberalization privatization and globalization the IT knowledge for industries and entrepreneurs of public and private sector and government offices was the need of the hour to dispose the work scientifically with zero percent faults. The government of India passed a regulation in the year 1998 to compete in the global market by promoting IT sector in a best possible way. The government of India extended liberal rules and regulation to establish the IT industries. The Jharkhand Government has also adopted the similar rules and regulations to promote the IT industry in a view to contribute to the states and countrys economic and societal development. The rules and regulations related to IT industries are given below:- 1. Info-Infrastructure Drive: Accelerate the drive for setting up a world class Info-Infrastructure with an extensive spread of Fibre Optic Network, Satcom networks and Wireless networks for seamlessly interconnecting the Local Informatics Infrastructure (LII), National Informatics Infrastructure (NII) and the Global Informatics Infrastructure (GII) to ensure a fast nation-wide onset of the INTERNET, EXTRANETs and INTRANETs. Coordinate with all Central Government and private agencies involved in putting together the Info-Infrastructure in Jharkhand and actively put supplementary connectivity to the last mile. Requests made by STPs would be acted on within two weeks of receipt. In this regard, any renovation or construction of State Highways, new power transmission lines and new township development projects would look into the possibility of adding Optical Fibre network in these projects. 2 With Indias potential to achieve $50 billion dollar of IT exports by 2008, policy ambiance will be created for Jharkhand IT industry to target for a $ 5 billion annual export by the year 2010. 3 IT for all by 2010: Accelerate the rate of computer penetration in the state so that it reaches a penetration of one per 50 people by the year 2010. Towards the goal of IT for all by 2010, policies are provided for setting the base for a rapid spread of IT awareness among the citizens, propagation of IT literacy, networked Government, IT-led economic development, rural penetration of IT applications, training citizens in the use of day-to-day IT services like tele-banking, tele-medicine, tele-education, tele-documents transfer, tele-library, tele-info-centres, electronic commerce, public call centres, among others; and training, qualitatively and quantitatively, world class IT professionals. 4 Coordinate with all Central Government and private agencies involved in putting together the Info-Infrastructure in Jharkhand and actively put supplementary connectivity to the last mile. Requests made by STPs would be acted on within two weeks of receipt. In this regard, any renovation or construction of State Highways, new power transmission lines and new township development projects would look into the possibility of adding Optical Fibre network in these projects. 5 To provide Info Infrastructure to all areas with access to power within a period of 2 years. 6 To deliver e-governance, computerise the secretariat functioning within 2 years and allocate at least 2% of the departmental budget for IT related development. 7 To create a network right down to the block level administration within 2 years and bring the village level e-governance by 2005. 8. Promote IT Habitats in the rural hinterland adjacent to cities with modern telecom and communications infrastructure along with top class educational/research institutions. 9 Create a Centre of excellence like IIIT in and around Ranchi and Regional Engineering Colleges through private participation. 10 Government to support all development of IT support services in regional language. 12 State Institutes of Public administration would be re-engineered to help bring about IT responsive State administration. 14 Suitable floor space in Government buildings, which are not utilised during non-office hours, would be considered to be given to private educational institutions for IT training purposes in return for a proportionate number of free nominations of Government employees for IT training. 15 Feasibility of introducing a Citizen ID Number for creation of state wide database will be explored. 16 SPECIAL INCENTIVES FOR THE IT INDUSTRY Exemption from environmental clearance Exemption from zoning regulations for purposes of location Self-certification for purposes of compliance of the following Acts: Water and Air Pollution Act , Factories Act , Employment Exchange (Notification of vacancies) Act , · Payment of Wages Act, Minimum Wages Act , Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act , Workmen Compensation Act , Shops and Establishments Act ; etc. d. General permission to run a three-shift operation e. The Government would provide rebate in the cost of land allotted to an IT Industry @ 0.25% of the cost of land per job created subject to the following conditions: f. For establishing IT industries in the existing structures located in the industrial areas under IADA. Concessions will be in the form of rebate on registration charges and stamp duty for sale / lease of such built-up space to the IT industry in the following manner: Sl.No. Duration during which facilities established and sold/leased Rebate Admissible 1. 1-8-2001 to 31-3-2003 90% 2 1-4-2003 to 31-3-2004 70% 3 1-4-2004 to 31-3-2005 50% (g) Similar concessions would also be admissible for establishing IT infrastructure facilities on private/Government land. This concession would be available only for such localities which are notified by the Industries Department and which provide certain minimum facilities like uninterrupted/backup power, reliable telecom links etc. (h) This concession would be available only for the first transaction when the first sale by IADA / Other concern is made to an IT industry. The above concession would also be available on the purchase of land by an IT Industry establishing an IT park for its own use provided it does not avail the concessions in para 16.e. [4] Present scenario of IT industry in Jharkhand: The Government of Jharkhand, recognising the impressive growth of the IT sector in the country, has resolved to make Jharkhand an IT powerhouse and a front runner in the Information revolution. The government considers IT as an agent of transformation of every facet of human life which will bring about knowledge based society. 8. Hypotheses of the research project: Growth of Information Technology is positively related to the availability of the competent work force. Development of IT industries is positively associated with Socio-economic growth of the state. Development and growth of IT Industries in Jharkhand is dependent on the government policy. [4]. http://ranchiexpress.com/jipolicy/informationtechnology.htm 9. Research design and Methodology: The structure and strategy of overall procedure by which we intend to gain more knowledge of a specific research problem or a specific aspect of the society is termed as Research Design. F.N. Kerlinger stated that Research design is a plan structure and strategy of investigation conceived to obtain an answer to research question and to control variance. The descriptive research design will be administered for this research project. In descriptive research design both quantitative and qualitative techniques are involved. The quantitative description and qualitative methods is used through the use of questionnaire and Interview method. Survey research method will be administered Quantitative and qualitative Methods: Questionnaires on problems and prospect of IT industries Questionnaire on IT industries performance. Sample design and their Characteristics Data collection and interpretation. 10. Tentative Chapterization of Research work: Introduction(Meaning, objective, conceptual definition ,significance, importance, Hypotheses) Historical Background of IT industries in Jharkhand. Impact of IT industries in Jharkhand (Ranchi) on employment, income generation and work culture. Important IT industries in Ranchi District. Role of government in the development of IT sector in Jharkhand(rules and regulations) Problems of IT industries. Prospect of IT industries in Jharkhand Finding and suggestions

MERLIN :: Essays Papers

MERLIN There is bitter controversy among scholars and theologians alike as to whether of not Merlin was a real historical figure or a product of literary imagination. Much of the earlier poetry attributed to him in Welsh manuscripts, it seems, comes from authentic prophetic verse that Merlin himself spoke. Merlin was first seen in Geoffrey of Monmouthà ­s History of the Kings of Britain written c. 1136. Many people do not accept Geoffreyà ­s words as truth. Many say that Geoffrey wrote Merlinà ­s legendary Prophecy referring to twelfth-century politics of King Henry IIà ­ court. Reality or legend, Merlin is still one of the most prominent and popular characters of Arthurian literature. Merlinà ­s close relationship with King Arthur has led him to appear in a large majority of Arthurà ­s stories. There is also dispute as to whether there was one Merlin or two- in the historical context. The archives of Wales claim that, in fact, there were two Merlins. Some say that Merlinà ­s story comes from a combination of Welsh traditions. This combination involves the great bard and prophet Myrddin and Nenniusà ­ story of Ambrious (one with a non-human father who prophesized the British defeat of the Saxons). It is said that the older of the two was King Arthurà ­s Merlin. He was born probably around 450 and died in 536. The longevity of his life span leads more to believe that there were two Merlins. The first of the two was named Merlin, and was a warrior in Arthurà ­s court. The other, Myrddin, is said to have survived the battle of Arthuret, which led him to insanity. Both candidates were authors. Now Merlin and Myrddin have merged into one person. Scholars who do believe that he existed say that Merlin was responsible for the world-famous Prophecy. In Geoffrey of Monmouthà ­s book, Merlin assists Uther Pendragon and in responsible for transporting the stones of Stonehenge from Ireland, a major symbol of Britainà ­s history. The prophecies of Merlin were incorporated into Geoffreyà ­s seventh book. Merlin became very popular in the Middle Ages. Some say that he prophesized the birth of Arthur. The myth of Merlin says that he was Arthurà ­s adviser, prophet, and magician. Merlin, the man, is an enigma. His name is known as the wiser, older man who counseled Arthur. Some say that Merlin arranged for Arthur to be born to defend Britain from invasion. Merlin was counselor to four British kings: Vortigern, Ambrosius, Uther, and Arthur.

up yours :: essays research papers

Kristine Bartasavich My first day of Childbirth Education class was January 17th. The teacher first started out the class with any questions we had. Question such as if there is any other calcium supplements you could take instead of drinking milk like viactive. She also asked how we were feeling at that point in our pregnancy. A lot of people had the same feeling; they were scared about the labor. After we all talked she should us a video of women giving birth. During the video we saw woman who had their waters broken by a tool that looked like a crochet nettle. Another had an internal monitor were a wire was put onto the babies head to keep a better track of the heart rate. As we watch the teacher passed around the things that were being used in the video.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During my second day of class we learn breathing techniques and the option of anesthesia. We first learn the deep breathing technique that would relaxes us during our contractions. The deep breathing is breathing in through your nose and letting it out slowly through your mouth. When contractions begin and end we are supposed to take a deep cleansing breath witch is like deep breathing but breathing out normally at the end. We also learned high chest breathing where you take a cleaning breath if you have time inhale, then exhale as you say â€Å"Hout†. Are partners also learned how to help relax us by talking to each other and eye contact or by a massage. If the breathing dose not help and are at lest 6cm dilated then you can get Anesthesia witch is inserted into the back with a large nettle. A tube is taped to your back and anesthesia is injected into it through out your labor to num the lower half of you.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For our third class we learned about cesarean birth. This only takes place if the mother or baby are going to be harmed and could die. An incision is made through the wall of the abdomen and the uterus.

Learning Disability Case Study Essay -- Psychological Assessment

A psychological assessment is a fundamental aspect in measuring intellectual disabilities (Drew & Hardman, 2007). Information provided from partaking in an assessment includes severity of the disability and an understanding of the individual’s limitations as a result of the disability (Drew & Hardman, 2007). Knowledge of these elements, as explained by Drew and Hardman, aid in determining the necessary supports required by the individual to help them cope with the disability. It is important that the assessment measures both cognitive and adaptive aspects of an individual’s functioning because, â€Å"Mental retardation is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behaviour as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills† (Drew & Hardman, 2007, p. 19). Once an assessment of these areas has been completed an individual may be identified as having an intellectual disability. Information discovered by the assessment may lead parents to feel a sense of relief knowing the reason behind their child’s struggles (Lerner & Johns, 2012). With an identification the information collected from the assessment helps professionals provide better care and support to the child and their family (Drew & Hardman, 2007). Identification also leads to increased legal rights of a child for special education and access to essential supports and services (Lerner & Johns, 2012). Unfortunately, the results for an assessment may not be completely accurate, nor fully capture the child’s true performance capabilities (Drew & Hardman, 2007). Also, a diagnosis entails a label and Lerner and Johns (2012), explain that such labels can harmful for children. This diagnostic la... ...are or after their death. This planning will ensure that the child will be prepared for a life without parents to fall back on for support. Works Cited Drew, C., & Hardman, M. (2007). Intellectual Disabilities Across the Lifespan (9th ed). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson. Hallahan, D. P., Kauffman, J. M., McIntyre, L. J., & Mykota, D. (2010). Exceptional learners: An Introduction to special education. Canadian Edition. Toronto, ON: Pearson Education. Harwell, J., & William Jackson, R. (2008). The Complete Learning Disabilities Handbook: Ready-to-Use Strategies & Activities for Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA.: Jossey-Bass. Lerner, J. W, & Johns, B. H. (2012). Learning disabilities and related mild disabilities: teaching strategies and new directions (12th ed.). USA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

New and Significant Management Insights from Recomputed Baldrige Scores

Baldrige Criteria raw scores were statistically analyzed carrying out correlation test, t-test, and regression analyses tests on two (2) groups designated as Leaders and on another group as Others. From an earlier examination of the respondents that the Leaders were actually Senior Leaders and that the Others were actually Junior Leaders, the tests consistently showed that the Senior Leaders were more concerned with external factors, such as satisfying Customer and Market Focus and delivering Business Results.Expectedly, as Junior Leaders, they showed total balanced concern for all the categories of the Baldrige Criteria.Results of both groups descriptively (Commerce, 2007b) fell into the Baldrige Leadership and Results Triads, pages 4 and 5 (Commerce, 2007b). Other possible uses of already available Baldrige Criteria raw scores must be further explored especially in the feasibility of predicting favorable leadership qualities towards successful organizations. Introduction What a bet ter way to define leadership than through differentiating it with management by these 2 very self-explanatory popular business amorphisms: Management guru Peter Drucker and Bennis jumbled words, in that:â€Å"Management is doing things right; Leadership is doing the right things† (Warren Bennis, 1995). Thus, Bennis, then has more to say, in that: â€Å"Managers want to be efficient. Leaders want to be effective†(Warren Bennis, 1995). Through the centuries, man has always been awed by outstanding leaders. Hence, through the years, continuing search has been made of the unmistakable character traits of leadership, obviously found in leaders. There have even been attempts at possibly measuring leadership, or if not, trying to segregate those people who are leaders from those who are not leaders by applying some pre-set leadership criteria on them.Review of Related Literature The Value of Leadership Qualities of leadership, specifically military leadership are found not on ly under the subject heading Military Leadership in the earlier August 1999 US Army Field Manual (FM) 22-100 Army Leadership Be, Know, Do version (Army, 1999) but also in just the latest October 2006 US Army FM 6-22 Army Leadership Competent, Confident, Agile version (Army, 2006). From the 1999 US FM 22-100, Napoleon Bonaparte, a most famous military leader boasted (more, later) that: â€Å"A man does not have himself killed for a few halfpence a day or for a petty distinction.You must speak to the soul in order to electrify the man† (Army, 1999). Moreover, according to the same 1999 US FM 22-100, it would be safe to declare then that with those good qualities of leadership, former US Army Sergeant Major Richard A. Kidd had this to say (more, later), that: â€Å"Soldiers learn to be good leaders from good leaders† (Army, 1999). It will be at best a very highly debatable issue (Frances Hesselbein, 2004; Jason A. Santamaria, 2003), the importance of military leadership o ver civilian leadership, as just fitting and right.Over 228 years of US Military fighting history and existence, only in the past 8 years, already two military volumes of the US Army on Military Leadership had been printed, as we have seen above: the year 1999 FM 22-10 and the year 2006 FM 6-22, representing the US’ foremost military leadership literature. Why and how the US became a military power may also be attributed to those two manuals which encapsulated especially the US Marines’ superior rigorous and highly-proven training methods over 228 years to produce the US Military’s effective and successful military leaders/officers and soldiers (women from all ranks included).Without deliberately and unnecessarily comparing and contrasting (though debatable) military leadership and civilian leadership, it just cannot be helped; however, to sufficiently point out only two major differences between them. Obviously, first, the highest stakes are over human life-and -death situations and possible widespread public infrastructure damage by which military leaders could legitimately under military leadership give the orders for the go-ahead, as in â€Å"to seek and destroy (with impunity and without prejudice! )†.Such situation cannot be compared with any other civilian leader, except for the lone duly-elected civilian President also deciding as Commander-in-Chief of the nation under a democratic country where civilian authority is supreme over the military. In other words, hands down, each individual military leader or officer is tasked to the extremes: physically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually, psychologically, socially, and so on–more than any of his civilian counterpart under any same given conditions (Frances Hesselbein, 2004; Jason A. Santamaria, 2003).Second, it could be generally inferred that it would be much easier to make the transition by a military leader to become a civilian leader (to be discussed later); than for a civilian leader to become a military one—simply because of more demanding requirements of the civilian individual (or leader) by the military life (Frances Hesselbein, 2004; Jason A. Santamaria, 2003). Civilian leadership may be further subdivided into spiritual leadership in origin or in nature (Greenleaf, 2002), political leadership (Gardner, 1990; Warren Bennis, 1995; Yukl, 2001), and business leadership (Covey, 1900, , 1992, , 2006; Jason A.Santamaria, 2003; Yukl, 2001). For leaders who are successful in their own fields, yet surprisingly, they still feel themselves very melancholy and unexplainably â€Å"unfulfilled†, the most plausible search for their fulfillment, obviously with very strong spiritual undertones, may come from imbibing that concept of servant-leadership, a term coined by Robert K. Greenleaf who wrote Servant Leadership: A Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness, 25th Anniversary Edition as a hardcover (Covey, 2006; Greenleaf, 2002).Naturally, proponents, advocates, practitioners, and â€Å"fanatics† of this â€Å"Greenleaf culture† or those practicing spiritual leadership should be, just to give examples, are the so-called Roman Catholic religious orders with lifetime vocations of daily self-denial comprising the monks, missionaries, contemplatives, and so on. Tao Te Ching, ca. 6th century BCE as described in chapter 17, on â€Å"servant-leadership† remains to be a timeless ideal (Greenleaf, 2002). Following closely at his heels, Jesus Christ ca. 33 AD sought to teach his disciples that in order to be first they must â€Å"wash each other's feet†.In other words, taken directly from the Online 1611 King James Version (K. J. V. , 2007) from the gospel evangelists’ accounts, the disciples must seek to serve each other in order to be true leaders from Chapter 13 of the Gospel of John (K. J. V. , 2007). And again, Jesus said that â€Å"many who are first will be last, and many who are last will be first† meaning that true leadership, according to Jesus, was leadership based on servanthood from Chapter 19 according to the Gospel of Matthew (Covey, 1900, , 1992, , 2006; Gardner, 1990; K. J. V. , 2007).Thus, now many years later if analyzed, notice Bonaparte’s speaking to man’s soul to electrify man (Army, 1999) for man to join his Army, with the certainty that that man will get killed–can be found in the servant-leader concept during World War II as exquisitely applied by the German people and the German Army in their allegiance to their Fuehrer (Adolf Hitler) of the Fatherland (nation Germany) and by the Japanese people and the Japanese Army in their allegiance to their considered demi-god Emperor (Emperor Hirohito) of their beloved nation Japan.It really is noteworthy that Larry C. Spears, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Robert K. Greenleaf Center for Servant-Leadership since 1990, summarized Greenleafâ⠂¬â„¢s works by listing down the servant-leaders’ ten (10) characteristics which because of the concept/principle of the servant-leaders’ deep spiritual underpinnings, all the other mentioned habits or values of civilian leadership literature can be included in any one of these ten items. The following list can be considered a veritable â€Å"How To’s in Leadership†:Hence, those other leadership habits or values, also cited accordingly alongside each of these characteristics mentioned are from Stephen R. Covey’s The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People (Covey, 1900), Principle-Centered Leadership (Covey, 1992), and The 8th Habit from Effectiveness to Greatness (Covey, 2006); John W. Gardner’s On Leadership (Gardner, 1990); Warren Bennis and Joan Goldsmith’s Learning to Lead (Warren Bennis, 1995); and from Gary Yukl’s Leadership in Organizations (Yukl, 2001). 1. Listening (Greenleaf, 2002):While other leaders are expected to be e xcellent communicators and decision-makers, servant-leaders, rather than to be listened to, are now more than ever, expected to listen intently to the others (Greenleaf, 2002). Habit 6, Synergize (of 7 or of 8), that the would-be-leader, believing that the whole is bigger than the sum of the parts, through mutual trust in attentively listening to the other person they could both arrive at the best solution because they listened to one another, better than either’s (Covey, 1900). Same as Characteristic 7, They Are Synergistic (Covey, 1992). 2. Empathy (Greenleaf, 2002):Servant-leaders try very hard to understand and empathize with others, accepting them as they are, and as they come and go (Greenleaf, 2002). Habit 5, Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood, that the would-be-leader must try his best first to identify with the other person before he himself expects to be understood by that person (Covey, 1900). 3. Healing (Greenleaf, 2002): An on-going phenomenon betwee n serving and being served is not only the potential but the actuality that both serving and being served are â€Å"healed† or â€Å"made whole† again by their shared experiences (Greenleaf, 2002).Habit 4 (of 7 or of 8), Think Win/Win, that the would-be-leader makes sure that his counterpart and he are both benefited by any arrangement or agreement they have arrived at (Covey, 1900). Habit 7 (of 7 or of 8), Sharpening the Saw, that the would-be-leader voluntarily and regularly maintains a balanced personal renewal of his physical, mental, social/emotional, and spiritual dimensions (Covey, 1900) and very similar, if not the same as Characteristic 5, They Lead Balanced Lives (Covey, 1992) and Characteristic 8, They Exercise For Self-Renewal (Covey, 1992).Bennis was able to grasp this truth, in that: â€Å"As Sophocles observes in Antigone, ‘’But hard it is to learn the mind of any mortal, or the heart, 'til he be tried in chief authority. Power shows the ma n’’’† (Warren Bennis, 1995). 4. Awareness (Greenleaf, 2002): Able servant-leaders are usually sharply awake and reasonably disturbed from integrated holistic perspectives, yet with inner serenity (Greenleaf, 2002). Habit 1 (of 7 or of 8), Being Proactive or the concept of Inside-Out, that any significant type of change in the would-be-leader must first come from within himself (Covey, 1900).

How serious is Global Warming?

This report give indwelling covering ball-shaped Warming and its effects on people. Also this report depart go break at different looks that globular Warming affects humanitys as wellhead as animals. This research report will cover climate change, greenho social occasions swashes and evidence to backing globose Warming.EvidenceThere is a down of evidence to support the Global Warming however the signifi dopece of the bloodline depends on the reliability of the source.virtuoso of the around dependable methods of collecting data to turn in Global Warming is ice-core dating. Ice cores argon samples dag up from accumulation of nose candy and ice over a consequence of time that recrystallized and trap air bubbles1. standard temperature of the Earths surface with thermometer can wholly support data for past 2 or three centuries. An early(a) sources of information almost the past, is studying peat bogs or dendrochronology. Plants produce pollen in vast amounts, an d each species of plants has a characteristic type of pollen. When looking at peat bogs. Differences mingled with species and between the ecological conditions needed to amplify best, their pollen allows scientists to determine temperature and humidity levels of past age. guide ring analysis is homogeneouswise use by scientists when looking at climate change. Each year, tree diagram produces new socio-economic class of xylem vessels. The diameter of xylem depends on the season2. The width of the tree ring can tell the scientists almost the haveth of the tree. This evidence is true(p) as tree is dependent on the environment, the temperature and the humidity. whole methods produce reliable data, however hardihood of the evidence can be questioned. The validity depends on whoever autories out the research. If the research is carried out by a private alliance (e.g. (BP) British Petroleum) will show only few of the data the most reliable to the question or to prove a cert ain point. The most reliable researches argon carried out by independent companies or universities.What is Global Warming?The solar irradiation in form of ignite waves passes by authority of the zephyr. Most of it is absorbed by the human beings and warms it. Some of the waves atomic number 18 reradiated back into plaza in form of infr bed waves. to a greater extentover, some of the Infrargond radiation is trapped by the Earths aureole and it warms it. As the composition of atmosphere changes and it thickens, more(prenominal) than infrared radiation is trapped ca using the raise in orbiculate temperatures.In natural cycle the constriction of carbonic acid gas in the air should tinge the composition of carbon copy dioxide in the soil. However human activity changed that by relinquish extra CO2 from the fossil fuels into atmosphere. The natural cycle is out of equilibrium and can not get rid of the pointless of the gas.Causes of global warmingOne of the chief(prenom inal) causes for the Global Warming is human activity. The human needs and populations be approaching lazy caused everything to be computerized and the energy use is dandy. To supply great deals of energy more fossil fuels are burned and more greenhouse gases are given over off to the atmosphere. Also the wishing of commitment of human race to good for you(p) life styles caused the car manufacturers to step-up the car production in recent years. Everyone sine qua nons to make at least one car, simply they dont think about consequences of that. umteen more cars cause a lot of run of CO2 into the atmosphere.Greenhouse Gas grammatical constructionContri notwithstandingion (%)Water Vapour water supply36-70Carbon DioxideCO29-26MethaneCH44-9OzoneO33-7The raising temperature causes more water to vaporise, which leads to more UV unhorse being trapped by the atmosphere, thitherfrom the sum up in the average temperature.As the graph supra shows over a period of hundred years at that place is a positive skew, which indicated the increases in temperature. The increase is around 1oC, which could suggest a steadfast increases in surface temperatures.Environmental implicationsThe increases in the concentration of greenhouses gases in the atmosphere, the possibility of virulent falls increases. Acid rains are caused by electric discharges of compounds of ammonia, carbon, nitrogen, and sec which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.5 The below diagram shows the ill-treat to the European Forests caused by Acid rain and Air pollution.The data shows on the above diagram was collected in 1988, which means that by now there would be more damage made to the European forests over the past 20 years as the concentration of gases increases in the atmosphere. economic ImplicationsAs the climate changes and the surface temperature increases, the diet companies whitethorn find it tricky to grow crops in certain parts of the serviceman whe re they did before. This means that rice for example may not grow in Asia and this may lead to big scale starvation. This could also be seen as a societal implication to the Global warming.On the other hand, car industries may have plan rises in sales. There are two reasons for that. One of them is the fact that everyone now want to own a car, however that will only increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in air. Car industries are coming with new ways of overcoming the CO2 emission and are producing hydrogen ply cars. Many hybrids have been designed by umpteen different car manufactures, however they are not widely available for popular use as they are more expensive than the petrol powered cars. stayion of Global WarmingTo help prevent Global Warming, the emission of Carbon Dioxide has to be displace and emission of other greenhouse gases. One of the ways in which gas emission can be lowered is use of renewable energy sources.One of the powers that we could use is sol ar power or wind power, however in England there is a problem with solar powering as there is not a lot of sun and it is not reliable. Many calefactory countries in the evolution innovation, for example countries of south America could use sun light as their source of energy. However when using sun light energy, back up batteries or generators are essential as sunlight is not a reliable source of energy. In the UK not many a(prenominal) houses are solar powered as the installation of PV cells is very expensive.It is important that the developing countries lower their gases emission and start to use renewable sources of energy as the use of goods and services is going up along with the CO2 emission. The industrialized countries are around 24% of world population and use about 75% of energy. Along with that they account for 73% of CO2emission in the combustion of fossil fuels. Meanwhile, it is intercommunicate that energy consumption will increase primarily in the developing wo rld related to the population growth and the on-going industrialization in the future.Another way of lowering carbon emission was introduced by the car industries which introduced hydrogen powered cars. In hydrogen combustion water is given out when hydrogen is used as a fuel. It can be seen that Global Warming is a serious return key even to the government, as the mayor of capital of the United Kingdom decided to have 8 hydrogen powered buses by 2012. It sound like it is not a lot but still developing hydrogen powered engines are very expensive.