Not Just A Rising Sun: Essay -- essays research papers

the States is a Country based on diversity and in-migration of umpteen cultures creating a melting pot people from all over the world living together in freedom. The Asiatic American ethnic group is excessively based on diversity and different immigration patterns of different cultures all representing each other under one name Asiatic American. Asian Americans deem a very diverse history and have different subgroups that have different social status. This act allow discuss and analyze the history of and how Asian Americans and subgroups argon affected differently by discrimination and prejudices, and have different identities that can lead to different assimilation into American Culture and economy. This essay will discuss this through examining Chinese Americans, Japanese Americans, Korean Americans, Filipino and other S offheast Asian Islanders.Waves of MigrationThe Asian American community achieved their status in America in many different ways throughout history with dif ferent reasons for immigrating to America and suffering different challenges and prejudices along the way. There were 2 distinct seethes of immigration to the United States from Asian Americans. There was the old Asian wave of immigration that consists of Asians that immigrated from the middle of the Nineteenth Century to the early years of the Twentieth Century. The second wave is Asians that have immigrated to the United States since 1965. Chinese History The Chinese were the AA first to immigrate to the United States. A series of wars, rebellions, civil disorders, floods, famines and droughts made earning a livelihood in China difficult. Also, China faced a disheartening defeat in the Opium War of 1840 against the British. When news of a gold rush on the west seacoast of America reached China there was a huge influx of young male peasants immigrating to the United States trying to better themselves economically and then return infrastructure to there families. These immigrants started off working construction and on railroads. This was recognized by the white workers as a threat. The Chinese were not only forced out of the there jobs, but there was also legal measures taken to keep the Chinese out of the American workforce with the Chinese Exclusion Act, passed in 1882 by the U. S. Congress. This was the first time in American History that a specific ethnic group was completely barred from immigrating to America.... ..., Filipino and other Southeast Asian Islanders. Yet they are a threat to the dominant group economically as they overcome fierce discrimination. One of the most common themes in constructing this essay is that Asian Americans are growing as a social and economical force in America and are starting to be recognized for that. They are at the top and bottom of our economy, and come from many different countries with different identities. This diversity is what makes Asian Americans such an interesting and complex minority.Work CitedMarger, M artin M. 2003. Race and ethnic Relations American and Global Perspectives. Michigan. Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning Inc.Gudykunst, William B. 2001, Asian American Ethnicity and Communication. Thousand Oaks. Sage Publications Inc.Mary Yu Danico and Franklin Ng, 2004. Asian American Issues. London. Greenwood PressLe, C.N. 2005. "Anti-Asian racial discrimination & Violence" Asian-Nation The Landscape of Asian America. http//www.asian-nation.org/racism.shtmlLe, C.N. 2005. "Socioeconomic Statistics & Demographics" Asian-Nation The Landscape of Asian America. http//www.asian-nation.org/demographics.shtml

Did Sparta Achieve Her Goal :: essays research papers

Did Sparta Achieve Her Goal?Sparta is the most formidable urban center known in history. Famous for her impressive military power, she proved that specialness didnt lie in numbers, it lay in Spartan discipline. Sparta started out as a small city fighting only to survive against confrontation invaders. Her goal was to avoid turn thumbs down from other city-states and she very nearly succeeded in achieving it. Using self-denial, strong discipline and harsh training, Sparta focused almost all her forethought on achieving her goal. Known as the tamer of men, her strength made all besides Spartan men shrink in fear. However, Sparta did not operate war any more lightly then any other army, she simply waged it better. Despite the cold, military driven surface, Sparta often engaged in merriment. Festivals were celebrate with vigor, men were good to their families and their women were renowned for their beauty. Nevertheless, they always refused to become distracted from their purpose . Civil wars and ancient rivalries made it painfully clear that Sparta had no intention of allowing Athens or any other rival take over. However, she was still quite willing to join arms with the same rivals to fight off foreign invaders. When Greece was threatened by Persia, Sparta halted her competition with Athens and relentlessly fought back the enemy forces. After her triumph over the Persians, Spartas temporary peace with Athens was short-lived. The Greeks soon returned to their petty affairs. For 75 years Sparta and Athens fought for supremacy. Eventually, Sparta won, but in doing so she finally allowed all of Greece to witness her tragic flaw. Militarily, Sparta was more than impressive. However, in many of the city-states she now had in her power, she treated up harsh discipline and dictatorships. This proved that Spartas weakness lay in organizing peace among her new found successes. When the disaster of Spartas catastrophic defeat from little Thebes reached her people, t hey continued to celebrate their Youth Festival refusing to show any emotion-this was still Sparta. It would be long before Sparta would fade away, but nevertheless she piano withered away ironically still displaying the quiet, stubborn Spartan discipline. Her goal of surviving against all other forces was so close to being attained but she made a small but dire mistake. Foolishly underestimating the power of Thebes, Sparta failed to see that Thebes was incredibly similar to her younger self. Sparta began as a small city merely waging war in order to survive Thebes had the same motivation for war, except that their key to survival was to knock out Sparta.

Analysis of Coca Cola Company Essay -- Coca Cola Case Study, SWOT Anal

1.IntroductionFor over 126 years, Coca dummy has been operated as worlds largest beverage company together with its subsidiary brands. The joined States, as Coca Colas international headquarters, has one of the largest populations where Coke is the main beverage for approximately of the consumers. The purpose of this turn up is to determine whether the environmental changes in the United States be beneficial for Coca Cola Company to operate more markets in the future. This essay will explore both the Coca Cola Company as well as the market in the United States. The tools used for this examination embroil a SWOT analysis of Coca Cola Company and PEST analysis of United States. In addition, we will examine Porters 5 forces of the beverage industry in the United States and we will conclude with a list of recommendations. 2.Company Background The Coca Cola Company has served various kinds of drinks from 1866 until present. As expected, Coca Cola Company made $48 billion net operatin g revenues, $9 billion net income, and $162 billion market capitalization in 2012. These huge amounts of earnings in 2012 proving that the Coca Cola Company makes big profit successfully within a year. Besides profit that is achieved, Coca Cola Company also ranked by Interbrand as Worlds Most Valuable Brand with $77.8 billion in 2012. Moreover, the company supports over 280 visible activities or nutrition education programs in more than 115 countries around the world (The Coca Cola Company, 2013). 3.Country Background United States (US) is the worlds third largest country by size (9,826,675 square per kilometer) and by population with 50 states and the District of Columbia (316,438,601 people). The main urban areas by population are Washington, DC... ...a-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated. Wikivest. Retrieved on 28 January 2014 from http//www.wikinvest.com/stock/Coca-Cola_Bottling_Co._Consolidated_%28COKE%29SWOT analysis of Coca Cola. (2013). Strategic centering Insight. Retrieved o n 20 January 2014 from http//www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/swot-analyses/coca-cola-swot-analysis.htmlThe Coca-Cola Company. (2013). Retrieved on 19 January 2014 from http//www.coca-colacompany.comPanda, T. K. (2007). Marketing Management Text and cases (2nd ed.). New Delhi Anurag Jain.Pestal Analysis of Coke. (2009). Scribd. Retrieved on 31 January 2014 from http//www.scribd.com/doc/18975870/Pestal-Analysis-of-CokeWahlen, J., Baginski, S., & Bradshaw, B. (2010). Financial reporting, financial statement analysis and valuation A strategic perspective (7th ed.). United States of America South-Western Cengage Learning.

Inflammation :: science

fervorInflammation is the bodies normal response to injured tissues, although it croup sometimes lead to further tissue damage. It was first described around 30 BC by Celsius, as tumour (swelling), rubor (redness), calor (heat) and dolour (pain) although unnecessary secretion and loss of function are now commonly added. Inflammation is a response which has evolved to try and put things right in a change tissue, for example the pain and loss of function solelyow the tissue to heal easier whilst the heat and redness are caused by an increased blood flow to the tissue. (1) Inflammation occurs to control infection or injury, to eliminate pathogens, and to initiate healing and tissue repair. (2) An inflammatory pathology is usually indicated by the suffix -itis, such as in bronchitis, dermatitis, orchitis and enteritis, and loafer be either acute or chronic. (1) It is a non-specific defence and so the response of the body to a cut, burn, radiation, bacteria or virus are all very sim ilar. There are three basic stages to inflammation 1) Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels, 2) Phagocyte emigration, and 3) Tissue repair (3) Unfortunately, sometimes inflammation dirty dog be the cause of, or increase the symptom severity of a disease, such as in Tuberculosis, leprosy and syphilis, which are persistent infections with low virulence micro-organisms Silicosis, atherosclerosis and radiation, prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents. Rheumatoid arthritis and Hashimotos thyroiditis, autoimmune diseases (4) Body Acute inflammation occurs rapidly, within a few hours after the injury or infection occurs to which the inflammation is acting. Initially venules and arterioles dilate, causing hyperaemia. This then decreases and the vessels increase their permeability, allowing blood plasma and platelets into the tissue as serous exudate. this causes an oedema (excess fluid in the tissue). factor I in the exudate is converted to fibrin, which deposits itself to help to localise tissue damage and control bleeding. (2) Within an hour of the inflammation starting neutrophils, and then hours later monocytes, do on the scene. They leave the bloodstream by emigration (also known as diapedesis), dependent on chemotaxis they are attracted by microbes, kinins, complement and other neutrophils. These neutrophils attempt to annul the foreign bodies by phagocytosis. Any remaining dead phagocytes or damaged tissue after a few days becomes purulent exudate, or pus. This whitethorn be broken down in the body or may reach the surface of the body, but if it cannot be an abscess may be formed.

Marijuana Should Not Be Legalized Essay -- pot should not be legal

My best friend used to smoke ganja on a unbroken basis. Over time, he developed many obvious bad habits and changed his life style tremendously. He started getting lazy with schoolwork, and did not show much channel in anything at each. His parents noticed all these placement effects that had been occurring but were unaware that their son smoked marijuana. After the grades fell so much, they decided to take him to get checked out because they were afraid he had developed some sort of ADD. They come to find out that because of him smoking so much marijuana it had led to brain problems, memory problems and affected his thinking skills. He was unable to stay concentrated on something and constantly was out of breath when any personal activity took place. My friend finally quit smoking marijuana because he saw what it was doing to his life. Many teens try marijuana not knowing all the side effects that come with this drug. This drug has many misconceptions from when it is really l egal to what marijuana will actually do to your body. People think that marijuana is the most clear drug because one never hears of peck dying from it or getting deathly ill. This is false because marijuana does things to the body that can not be seen from the outside. The majority of the damage is in the brain and lungs which can get extremely dangerous. All the bad side effects from this drug will really harm peoples bodies and ruin their futures and lives.Marijuana has many bad side effects that harm the body. According to Szara Braude, marijuana slows down reactions causing problems with memory and learning, distorted perception, difficulty in thinking, and loss of coordination (Marijuana as a medicine 53). Many people use this drug not knowing wh... ...s look up to their peers and do any(prenominal) they do because they think it is the cool thing to do. Many times it is out of peer pressure that people try this drug to begin with. This can all be avoided if everyone is awa re of the bad side effects that can occur in their bodies and what is in marijuana that will mess up their lives. Works CitedBerger, Gilda. Addiction. shekels Franklin Watts, 1992.Earlywine, Mitchell. Understanding Marijuana A new look at the scientific evidence. New York Oxford University Press. 2002.Glazer, Sarah. Preventing Teen Drug Use. CO Researcher. 28 July 1995 659-662.Mack, Alison. Marijuana as a medicine? Washington, D.C. National Academy Press. 2001.Ravage, Barbara. Marijuana Update. Current Health. Oct. 1994 6-12.Robert, Michael. Social Awakening As Adolescent Adulthood Begins. Health 15 (2001) 53-56.

Marijuana Should Not Be Legalized Essay -- pot should not be legal

My best consort used to smoke marijuana on a regular basis. Over time, he developed many obvious bad habits and changed his life style tremendously. He started getting lazy with schoolwork, and did not show much interest in anything at all. His parents noticed all these side effects that had been occurring but were un certified that their son smoked marijuana. After the grades fell so much, they decided to take him to get checked out because they were afraid he had developed some sort of ADD. They perform to find out that because of him smoking so much marijuana it had led to virtuoso problems, memory problems and affected his call uping skills. He was unable to stay concentrated on something and constantly was out of breath when any physical activity took place. My friend finally quit smoking marijuana because he saw what it was doing to his life. Many teens try marijuana not knowing all the side effects that come with this drug. This drug has many misconceptions from when it is really legal to what marijuana will actually do to your body. People think that marijuana is the most harmless drug because hotshot never hears of people dying from it or getting deathly ill. This is false because marijuana does things to the body that can not be seen from the outside. The majority of the damage is in the brain and lungs which can get extremely dangerous. All the bad side effects from this drug will really harm peoples bodies and break dance their futures and lives. hemp has many bad side effects that harm the body. According to Szara Braude, marijuana slows down reactions causing problems with memory and learning, distorted perception, difficulty in thinking, and sledding of coordination (Marijuana as a medicine 53). Many people use this drug not knowing wh... ...s look up to their peers and do whatever they do because they think it is the cool thing to do. Many times it is out of peer pressure that people try this drug to begin with. This can all be avoided i f everyone is aware of the bad side effects that can occur in their bodies and what is in marijuana that will mess up their lives. Works CitedBerger, Gilda. Addiction. Chicago Franklin Watts, 1992.Earlywine, Mitchell. Understanding Marijuana A new look at the scientific evidence. New York Oxford University Press. 2002.Glazer, Sarah. Preventing Teen Drug Use. CO Researcher. 28 July 1995 659-662.Mack, Alison. Marijuana as a medicine? Washington, D.C. home(a) Academy Press. 2001.Ravage, Barbara. Marijuana Update. Current Health. Oct. 1994 6-12.Robert, Michael. Social Awakening As Adolescent Adulthood Begins. Health 15 (2001) 53-56.

Bluetooth based smart sensor network Essay

Currently, huge electronic info repositories atomic number 18 being maintained by banks and other financial institutions. Valuable bits of training be embedded in these entropy repositories. The huge size of these selective information sources make it im practical for a human analyst to come up with elicit nurture (or patterns) that depart befriend in the decision qualification process. A number of commercial enterprises give been quick to recognize the value of this concept, as a consequence of which the software grocery store itself for selective information mine is expected to be in excess of 10 billion USD. This paper is intended for those who would like to get aware of the realizable exertions of information tap to enhance the performance of some of their core business processes. In this paper discussion is some the broad areas of occupation, like jeopardize anxiety, portfolio management, trading, node compose and node care, where data mining techniques end be utilize in banks and other financial institutions to enhance their business performance. INTRODUCTIONAs acquaintance is graceful more and more synonymous to wealth creation and as a st gradegy plan for competing in the market place back toothnister be no better than the information on which it is found, the importance of knowledge and information in todays business can never be seen as an exogenous factor to the business. Organizations and individuals having access to the right information at the right moment, confound greater chances of being successful in the epoch of globalization and cut-throat competition. Business scholarship focuses on discovering knowledge from various electronic data repositories, both internal and external, to support better decision making. information mining techniques become classical for this knowledge discovery from databases. In recent years, business intelligencesystems have played pivotal roles in helping organizations to fine tun e the business goals such as improving node guardianship, market penetration, profitability and efficiency. In most teddys, these insights are driven by analyses of historical data. Global competitions, dynamic markets, and rapidly decreasing cycles of expert innovation provide important challenges for the banking and finance industry. Worldwide just-in- cartridge clip availability of information allows enterprises to repair their flexibility. In financial institutions considerable developments in information technology have led to huge demand for continuous analysis of resulting data.Data mining can contribute to solving business problems in banking and finance by purpose patterns, causalities, and correlations in business information and market determines that are not conterminously apparent to managers because the volume data is too large or is generated too apace to screen by experts. The managers of the banks may go a step further to stripping the sequences, episodes and periodicity of the transaction demeanour of their customers which may help them in very better segmenting, targeting, acquiring, retaining and maintaining a profitable customer base. Business Intelligence and data mining techniques can alike help them in directing various classes of customers and come up with a class found product and/or pricing approach that may garner better revenue management as well. The broad categories of application of Data Mining and Business Intelligence techniques in the banking and financial industry vertical may be viewed as followsRisk ManagementManaging and measurement of find is at the core of every financial institution. Todays study challenge in the banking and restitution world is therefore the implementation of risk management systems in order to identify, measure, and control business exposure. Here opinion and market risk present the central challenge, one can observe a major change in the area of how to measure and deal with them, establish on the advent of advanced database and data mining technology.( Other types of risk is also on tap(predicate)in the banking and finance i.e., liquidity risk, operational risk, or concentration risk. ) Today, integrated measurement of different kinds of risk (i.e., market and credit entry risk) is moving into focus. These all are based on fabrics representing single financial instruments or risk factors, their behaviour, and their interaction with overall market, making this field passing important topic of research. Financial trade RiskFor single financial instruments, that is, stock indices, interest rates, or currencies, market risk measurement is based on models depending on a set of fundamental risk factor, such as interest rates, stock indices, or economic development. One is interested in a functional form between instrument price or risk and underlying risk factors as well as in functional dependency of the risk factors itself. Today different market risk me asurement approaches exist. All of them rely on models representing single instrument, their behaviour and interaction with overall market. Many of this can only be built by using various data mining techniques on the proprietary portfolio data, since data is not publicly visible(prenominal) and needs consistent supervision. identification RiskCredit risk assessment is key component in the process of commercial channeling. Without it the lender would be unable to make an objective judgement of weather to lend to the surveyive borrower, or if how much charge for the loan. Credit risk management can be classified into two basic groupsCredit scoring/credit rating Assignment of a customer or a product to risk level. (i.e., credit approval) Behaviour scoring/credit rating migration analysis. Valuation of a customers or products probability of a change in risk level within a given time. (i.e., omission rate volatility) In commercial impart, risk assessment is usually an attempt to q uantify the risk of loss to the lender when making a particular lending decision. Here credit risk can quantify by the changes of value of a credit product or of a whole credit customer portfolio, which is based on change in the instruments ranting, the inadvertence probability, and retrieval rate of the instrument in case of default. Further diversification make influence the result on a portfolio level. Thus a major part of implementation and care ofcredit risk management system entrust be a typical data mining problem the modelling of the credit instruments value through the default probabilities, rating migrations, and recovery rates. Three major approaches exist to model credit risk on the transaction level accounting analytic approaches, statistical prediction and option conjectural approaches. Since large amount of information about client exist in financial business, an adequate way to build such models is to use their own database and data mining techniques, fitting mod els to the business needs and the business current credit portfolio.Portfolio ManagementRisk measurement approaches on an aggregated portfolio level quantify the risk of a set of instrument or customer including diversification effects. On the other hand, forecasting models give an induction of the expected return or price of a financial instrument. Both make it possible to manage firm wide portfolio actively in a risk/return efficient manner. The application of modern risk theory is therefore within portfolio theory, an important part of portfolio management. With the data mining and optimization techniques investors are able to allocate capital crosswise trading activities to maximise profit or minimise risk. This feature supports the ability to generate trade recommendations and portfolio structuring from user supplied profit and risk requirement. With data mining techniques it is possible to provide extensive scenario analysis capabilities concerning expected asset prices or ret urns and the risk involved. With this functionality, what if simulations of varying market conditions e.g. interest rate and exchange rate changes) cab be run to assess impact on the value and/or risk associated with portfolio, business unit counterparty, or trading desk. Various scenario results can be regarded by considering actual market conditions. Profit and loss analyses allow users to access an asset class, region, counterparty, or custom sub portfolio can be benchmarked against common international benchmarks. trafficFor the last few years a major topic of research has been the building of quantitative trading tools using data mining methods based on prehistoric data asinput to predict short-term movements of important currencies, interest rates, or equities. The goal of this technique is to spot times when markets are meretricious or expensive by identifying the factor that are important in determining market returns. The trading system examines the relationship between relevant information and piece of financial assets, and gives you buy or sell recommendations when they suspect an under or overvaluation. Thus, even if some traders find the data mining approach too mechanical or too risky to be used consistently, they may want to use it selectively as further opinion. Trading is based on the idea of predicting short term movements in the price/value of a product (currency/equity/interest rate etc.). With a reasonable guesstimate in place one may trade the product if he/she thinks it is going to be overvalued or undervalued in the coming future(a). Trading traditionally is done based on the instinct of the trader. If he/she thinks the product is not priced properly he/she may sell/buy it. This instinct is usually based on past experience and some analysis based on market conditions.However, the number of factors that even the most expert of traders can account for are limited. Hence, quite a lot these predictions fail. The price of a financial as set is influenced by a variety of factors which can be broadly classified as economic, political and market factors. Participants in a market observe the relation between these factors and the price of an asset, account for the current value of these factors and predict the future determine to finally arrive at the future value of the asset and trade accordingly. Quite often by the time a trained eye detects these favourable factors, many a(prenominal) others may have discovered the opportunity, decreasing the possible revenues otherwise. Also these factors in turn may be related to several other factors making prediction difficult. Data mining techniques are used to discover hidden knowledge, unknown patterns and new rules from large data sets, which may be useful for a variety of decision making activity.With the increasing economic globalization and improvements in information technology, large amounts of financial data are being generated and stored. subjected to data mining t echniques to discover hidden patterns and mother predictions for trends in the future and the behaviour of the financial markets. With the immediacy offered by data mining, latest data can be mined to obtain crucial information at the earliest. This in turn would result in an improved market placeresponsiveness and awareness leading to reduced costs and increased revenue. Advancements make in technology have enabled to create faster and better prediction systems. These systems are based on a combination of data mining techniques and artificial intelligence methods like Case Based Reasoning (CBR) and Neural Networks (NN). A combination of such a forecasting system together with a rock-steady trading strategy offers tremendous opportunities for massive returns. The value of a financial asset is dependent on both macroeconomic and microeconomic variables and this data is available in a variety of disparate formats. NN and CBR techniques can be applied extensively for predicting thes e financial variables. NN are characterized by learning capabilities and the ability to improve performance over time. Also NN can generalize i.e. recognize new objects which may be similar but not exactly identical to prior objects.NN with their ability to derive meaning from imprecise data can be used to detect patterns which are otherwise too complex to be find by humans. NN act as experts in the area that they have been trained to work in. these can be used to provide predictions for new situations and work in authentic time. Thus, historic data available about financial markets and the various variables can be used to train NN to simulate the market. CBR methodology is based on reasoning from past performances. It uses a large repository of data stored as cases which would include all the market variables in this case. When a new case is fed in (in the form of a case containing the concerned variables), the CBR algorithm predicts the performance/result of this case based on the cases it has in its repository. Data mining techniques can be used to detect hidden patterns in these cases which may then be used for further decision making. CBR methods can be used in real time which makes analysis really quick and helps in real time decision making resulting in immediate profits. Thus data mining and business intelligence (CBR and NN) techniques may be used in conjunction in financial markets to predict market behaviour and obtain patterned behaviour to influence decision making. client Profiling and Customer Relationship ManagementBanks have many and huge databases containing transactional and other lucubrate of its customers. Valuable business information can be extracted from these data stores. But it is unfeasible to support analysis and decision makingusing traditional interrogation languages because human analysis breaks down with volume and dimensionality. Traditional statistical methods do not have the capacity and scale to analyse these data, and hence modern data mining methodologies and tools are increasingly being used for decision making process not only in banking and financial institutions, but across the industries. Customer profiling is a data mining process that builds customer profiles of different groups from the companys existing customer database. The information obtained from this process can be used for different purposes, such as understanding business performance, making new marketing initiatives, market segmentation, risk analysis and revising company customer policies. The advantage of data mining is that it can handle large amounts of data and learn inherent structures and patterns in data. It can generate rules and models that are useful in enabling decisions that can be applied to future cases. Customer Behaviour Modeling (CBM) or customer profiling is a tool to predict the future value of an individual and the risk category to which he belongs to based on his demographic characteristics, life-style and previous behaviour. This helps to focus on customer retention. The two important facts that have important implication in selecting customer profiling methods are Profiling information can consist of many variables (or dozens of them). Majority of them are categorical variables (or non-numeric variables or nominal variables).Customer profiling is to characterize features of special customer groups. Many data mining techniques search profiles of special customer groups systematically using Artificial Intelligence techniques. They generate accurate profiles based on beam search and incremental learning techniques. Customer profiling also uses many predictive modeling methods. Predictive modelling techniques applicable can be categorized into two broad approaches. They depend on the type of predicted information or variables, also called target variables. If the type of predicted values is categorical, classification techniques is preferred to be used. Classification MethodsIn this approach, risk levels are organized into two categories based on past default history. For example, customers with past default history can beclassified into risky group, whereas the rest are placed as safe group. utilise this categorization information as target of prediction, Decision Tree and Rule Induction techniques can be used to build models that can predict default risk levels of new loan applications. Value Prediction MethodsIn this method, for example, instead of classifying new loan applications, it attempts to predict expected default amounts for new loan applications. The predicted values are numeric and thus it requires modelling techniques that can take numerical data as target (or predicted) variables. Neural Network and regression are used for this purpose. The most common data mining methods used for customer profiling are Clustering (descriptive) Classification (predictive) and regression (predictive) Association rule discovery (descriptive) and consequent pat tern discovery (predictive)In CRM, data mining is frequently used to assign a score to a particular customer or prospect indicating the likelihood that the individual will behave in a particular way. For example, a score could measure the propensity to respond to a particular insurance or credit card offer or to switch to a competitors product. Data mining can be useful in all the three phases of a customer relationship-cycle customer acquisition, increasing value of the customer and customer retention. For example, a typical banking firm let say sends 1 million direct mails for credit card customer acquisition. Past researches have shown that typically 6% of such target customers respond to these direct mails. Banks use their credit risk models to classify these respondents in good credit risk and bad credit risk classes. The proportion of good credit risk respondents is only 16% out of the total respondents. So, as net result, roughly only 1% of the total targeted customers are co nverted into the credit card customers through direct mailing. seeing the huge cost and effort involved in such marketing process, data mining techniques can significantly improve the customer conversion rate by more focused marketing. Using a predictive test model using decision tree techniques like CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection), drop behind (Classification And Regression Trees), Quest and C5.0 it can beanalyzed which customers are more probable to respond. And using this with the risk model using techniques like neural net can help build a test model. The way data mining can actually be built into the CRM application is determined by the nature of customer interaction. The customer interaction could be inbound (when the customer contacts the firm) or outbound (when the firm contacts customers). The deployment requirements are quite different. Outbound interactions such as direct Building Profitable Customer Relations with Data Mining, Herb Edelstein mail ca mpaign involve the firm selecting the people whom to be mailed by applying the test model to the customer database. In other outbound campaigns like advertising, the profile of good prospects shown by the test model needs to be matched to the profile of the people the advertisement would reach. For inbound transactions such as telephone or internet order, the application must respond in real time. Therefore the data mining model is embedded in the application and actively recommends an action. In either case, one of the key issues in applying a model to new data set is the transformations that are made in building the model. The ease with which these changes are embedded in the model determines the productivity of deploying these tools. Marketing and customer careBecause high competitions in the finance industry, intelligent business decisions in marketing are more important than ever for better customer targeting, acquisition, retention and customer relationship. There is a need fo r customer care and marketing strategies to be in place for the success and survival of the business. It is possible with the help of data mining and predictive analytics to make such strategies. Financial institutions are finding it more difficult to locate new previously unsolicited buyers, and as a result they are implementing aggressive marketing program to acquire new customer from their competitors. The uncertainties of the buyer make planning of new services and media usage nigh impossible. The classical solution is to apply subjective human expert knowledge as rules of thumb. Until recently, replacing the human expert by computer technology has been difficult.An interesting tool available in marketing and financial institution is analysis of clients data. This allows analysis and calculation of key indicators that help bank to identify factors that affected customers demand in the past and customer need in the future. Information about the customers personal data can also g ive indications that affect future demand. In case of analysis of retail debtors and small corporations, marketing tasks will typically include factors about the customer himself, his credit record and rating made by external rating agencies. With the advent of data mining and business intelligence tools it has become possible for banks to strengthen their customer acquisition by direct marketing and establish multi- channel contacts, to improve customer development by cross selling and up selling of products, and to increase customer retention by behaviour management.It is possible for the banks to use the data available to retain its best customers and to identify opportunities to sell them supernumerary services. The profiling of all the valuable accounts can be done and the top most say 5-10 % can be assigned to Relationship Managers, whose job will be to identify new selling opportunities with these customers. It is also possible to bundle various offers to meet the need of th e valued customers. Data mining can also help the banks in customizing the various promotional offers. For example the direct mails can be customized as per the segment of the account holders in the bank. It is also possible for the banks to find out thepr oblem customers who can be defaulters in the future, from their past payment records and the profile and the data patterns that are available. This can also help the banks in adjusting the relationship with these customers so that the loss in future is kept to its minimum.Data mining can improve the response rates in the direct mail campaigns as the time required to classify the customers will be reduced, this in turn will increase the revenues, improve the sales force efficiency from the target group. Data mining helps the banks to optimize their portfolio of services, delivery channels. A record of past transactions can give useful insight to the bank and different locations /branches of same branch can also follow some patterns that when noticed can be used as past records to learn from and base the future actions upon.Data Mining techniques can be of immense help to the banks and financialinstitutions in this arena for better targeting and acquiring new customers, fraud detection in real time, providing segment based products for better targeting the customers, analysis of the customers purchase patterns over time for better retention and relationship, detection of emerging trends to take proactive stance in a highly competitive market adding a lot more value to existing products and services and launching of new product and service bundles. Reference

Network Flows Case Study

As seen in the picture on a lower floor Would this work for this application? This would work. The A/C technician is required to know some part of algebra and know how to use it. Knowing this impart allow in him/her to graph an air flow chart. This would use an isomorphic unprejudiced graph so the same number of edges to correspond with the number vertices. This would show that the proper air flow is given from one school principal to the other point as quickly as possible, this allows for the air to maintain the temperature that you are looking for.Being able to maintain the same temperature would mean less time your unit will run and this saves you money on your bills. This would be a real world application because the A/C technician has to use math on a free-and-easy basis. Example 2 In this fashion model we will try to Stop any traffic on the water way to and from town. This stub be through with(predicate) by placing barriers in the water way. But seeing that the river g et wider as it gets further away from town, the barriers need to be placed just right to embarrass the water way traffic. As seen in the diagram belowWhen placing the barriers, the first thing you want to do is figure out which points to place the barriers. This will allow the use of fewer barriers in this application. Would first start with points G, J, H, and L. This point have a shortest distance between them and would be easier to block. Then if you wanted to add to a greater extent protection to the town you could place more barriers at points D, E, and F. Now in a real life application this could be used in something as the military blocking or slowing down the traffic going on and if the base.Example 3 Employers and Employees Employers Department 1 Department 2 3 4 Max area Wanted Yes No NO Area Needed In this example the table shows where an employer was asked to hire more employees in order to shell out 100 departments with 30 different areas. Each new employee would wo rk in areas 1, 2, and 3. The area assigned to the employee would be determined by the employer him/herself. The table above givens an example of how it will go. Then the overall question would be how the assigned areas would be split up.When it comes to converting the table above into a graph to the answer, I am at a little bit off loss. The employee numbers 1, 2, and 3 would then be converted into vertices ODL , DO, and DO and the different areas into AY , AZ and AY which is shown in the diagram below In the diagram you have to replace the Gs with Dos and the CSS with the Ass. Believe the assigned areas would be given to the employees by the employer. An employer would be assign to an employee by random. The employee would follow the employers number through the graph.This would tart in area 1 and continue on through 3. If you have 100 employers and 30 employees they would be assigned in areas as 34, 33, and 33 this would allow all areas to be covered and the jobs completed in a ti mely manner. In this paper I have provided examples of networking flow charts to the best of my knowledge. This type of flow chart shows the way things can flow and the way you can block the flow of information or even water or air. You can apply this to many of different areas in life. If you can imagine it, I am sure it will work for you.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Fifteen

SansaEddard unconditioned had left forwards dawn, Septa Mordane informed Sansa as they stony-broke their fast. The king sent for him. Another hunt, I do believe. There are lifelessness wild aurochs in these lands, I am told.Ive n constantly seen an aurochs, Sansa state, feeding a piece of bacon to Lady under the table. The direwolf took it from her hand, as delicate as a queen.Septa Mordane sniffed in disapproval. A noble lady does not feed dogs at her table, she said, breaking pip another piece of comb and letting the honey miss pour down onto her bread.Shes not a dog, shes a direwolf, Sansa pointed proscribed as Lady licked her fingers with a rough tongue. Anyway, Father said we could keep them with us if we want.The septa was not appeased. Youre a good girl, Sansa, but I do vow, when it comes to that creature youre as willful as your infant Arya. She scow lead. And where is Arya this morning?She wasnt hungry, Sansa said, knowing full well that her sister had probably stol en down to the kitchen hours ago and wheedled a breakfast out of some cooks male child.Do remind her to dress nicely to solar day. The grey velvet, perhaps. We are on the whole invited to call on the carpet with the queen and Princess Myrcella in the royal pilothouse, and we must seek our best.Sansa already looked her best. She had cleanseed out her long auburn hair until it shone, and picked her nicest blue silks. She had been looking forward to today for more than a week. It was a great honor to ride with the queen, and besides, Prince Joffrey might be there. Her betrothed. Just thinking it make her feel a strange flit inside, tied(p) though they were not to marry for years and years. Sansa did not really know Joffrey yet, but she was already in love with him. He was all she ever dreamt her prince should be, tall and handsome and strong, with hair equal gold. She treasured every chance to spend duration with him, few as they were. The only thing that scared her close t oday was Arya. Arya had a way of ruining everything. You never knew what she would do. Ill tell her, Sansa said uncertainly, but shell dress the way she always does. She hoped it wouldnt be too embarrassing. May I be excused?You may. Septa Mordane helped herself to more bread and honey, and Sansa slid from the bench. Lady followed at her heels as she ran from the inns common room.Outside, she stood for a moment amidst the shouts and curses and the creak of woody wheels as the men broke down the tents and pavilions and loaded the wagons for another days march. The inn was a sprawling three-story structure of pale stone, the biggest that Sansa had ever seen, but even so, it had accommodations for less than a third of the kings party, which had narcissistic to more than four hundred with the addition of her fathers household and the freeriders who had joined them on the road.She found Arya on the banks of the Trident, trying to hold Nymeria still while she brushed dry mud from her f ur. The direwolf was not enjoying the process. Arya was wearing the same riding leathers she had worn yesterday and the day before.You better induct on something pretty, Sansa told her. Septa Mordane said so. Were traveling in the queens wheelhouse with Princess Myrcella today.Im not, Arya said, trying to brush a tangle out of Nymerias matted grey fur. Mycah and I are going to ride upstream and look for rubies at the ford.Rubies, Sansa said, lost. What rubies?Arya gave her a look a same(p) she was so stupid. Rhaegars rubies. This is where King Robert killed him and won the crown.Sansa regarded her scrawny little sister in disbelief. You cant look for rubies, the princess is expecting us. The queen invited us both.I dont care, Arya said. The wheelhouse doesnt even guide windows, you cant see a thing.What could you want to see? Sansa said, annoyed. She had been thrilled by the invitation, and her stupid sister was going to ruin everything, vindicatory as shed feared. Its all scan tily fields and remotems and holdfasts.It is not, Arya said stubbornly. If you came with us sometimes, youd see.I hate riding, Sansa said fervently. All it does is get you soiled and dusty and sore.Arya shrugged. Hold still, she snapped at Nymeria, Im not hurting you. then(prenominal) to Sansa she said, When we were crossing the Neck, I counted thirty-six flowers I never aphorism before, and Mycah showed me a lizard-lion.Sansa shuddered. They had been twelve days crossing the Neck, rumbling down a crooked supply through an endless sullen bog, and she had hated every moment of it. The air had been damp and clammy, the causeway so narrow they could not even make straitlaced camp at night, they had to stop right on the kingsroad. Dense thickets of half-drowned trees pressed close virtually them, branches dripping with curtains of pale fungus. Huge flowers bloomed in the mud and floated on pools of stagnant water, but if you were stupid enough to conduct the causeway to pluck th em, there were quicksands waiting to suck you down, and snakes watching from the trees, and lizard-lions floating half-submerged in the water, like black logs with look and teeth.None of which stopped Arya, of course. One day she came thorn grinning her horsey grin, her hair all tangled and her clothes covered in mud, clutching a raggedy crew of purple and green flowers for Father. Sansa kept hoping he would tell Arya to be throw off herself and act like the highborn lady she was supposed to be, but he never did, he only hugged her and thanked her for the flowers. That just made her worse. thus it off-key out the purple flowers were called poison kisses, and Arya got a rash on her arms. Sansa would shake up thought that might have taught her a lesson, but Arya laughed about it, and the next day she rubbed mud all over her arms like some ignorant bog woman just because her friend Mycah told her it would stop the itching. She had bruises on her arms and shoulders too, dark purple welts and faded green-and-yellow splotches, Sansa had seen them when her sister undressed for sleep. How she had gotten those only the seven gods knew.Arya was still going on, brushing out Nymerias tangles and chattering about things shed seen on the trek south. Last week we found this haunted watchtower, and the day before we chased a herd of wild horses. You should have seen them run when they caught a scent of Nymeria. The wolf wriggled in her grasp and Arya scolded her. Stop that, I have to do the other side, youre all muddy.Youre not supposed to leave the column, Sansa reminded her. Father said so.Arya shrugged. I didnt go far. Anyway, Nymeria was with me the whole time. I dont always go off, either. Sometimes its fun just to ride along with the wagons and talk to people.Sansa knew all about the sorts of people Arya desire to talk to squires and grooms and serving girls, old men and naked children, rough-spoken freeriders of uncertain birth. Arya would make friends with anybo dy. This Mycah was the worst a butchers boy, thirteen and wild, he slept in the meat wagon and smelled of the slaughtering block. Just the sight of him was enough to make Sansa feel sick, but Arya seemed to prefer his company to hers.Sansa was running out of patience now. You have to come with me, she told her sister firmly. You cant refuse the queen. Septa Mordane will expect you.Arya ignored her. She gave a hard yank with the brush. Nymeria growled and spun away, affronted. Come back hereTheres going to be lemon tree cakes and tea, Sansa went on, all adult and reasonable. Lady brushed against her leg. Sansa scratched her ears the way she liked, and Lady sat beside her on her haunches, watching Arya chase Nymeria. Why would you want to ride a sickening old horse and get all sore and sweaty when you could recline on feather pillows and eat cakes with the queen?I dont like the queen, Arya said casually. Sansa sucked in her breath, shock that even Arya would register such a thing, b ut her sister prattled on, heedless. She wont even let me choose Nymeria. She thrust the brush under her belt and stalked her wolf. Nymeria watched her cuddle warily.A royal wheelhouse is no place for a wolf, Sansa said. And Princess Myrcella is afraid of them, you know that.Myrcella is a little baby. Arya grabbed Nymeria around her neck, but the moment she pulled out the brush again the direwolf wriggled free and bounded off. Frustrated, Arya threw down the brush. Bad wolf she shouted.Sansa couldnt help but smile a little. The kennelmaster once told her that an animal takes after its master. She gave Lady a quick little hug. Lady licked her cheek. Sansa giggled. Arya heard and whirled around, glaring. I dont care what you say, Im going out riding. Her long horsey face got the stubborn look that meant she was going to do something willful.Gods be true, Arya, sometimes you act like such a child, Sansa said. Ill go by myself then. It will be ever so much nicer that way. Lady and I w ill eat all the lemon cakes and just have the best time without you.She turned to walk off, but Arya shouted after her, They wont let you bring Lady either. She was gone before Sansa could think of a reply, chasing Nymeria along the river.Alone and humiliated, Sansa took the long way back to the inn, where she knew Septa Mordane would be waiting. Lady padded quietly by her side. She was almost in tears. All she wanted was for things to be nice and pretty, the way they were in the songs. Why couldnt Arya be sugary and delicate and kind, like Princess Myrcella? She would have liked a sister like that.Sansa could never understand how two sisters, born only two years apart, could be so different. It would have been easier if Arya had been a bastard, like their half brother Jon. She even looked like Jon, with the long face and brown hair of the Starks, and nothing of their lady capture in her face or her coloring. And Jons mother had been common, or so people whispered. Once, when she was littler, Sansa had even asked Mother if perhaps there hadnt been some mistake. Perhaps the grumkins had stolen her real sister. But Mother had only laughed and said no, Arya was her missy and Sansas trueborn sister, blood of their blood. Sansa could not think why Mother would want to lie about it, so she supposed it had to be true.As she neared the center of camp, her distress was quick forgotten. A crowd had gathered around the queens wheelhouse. Sansa heard excited voices buzzing like a hive of bees. The doors had been thrown open, she saw, and the queen stood at the top of the wooden steps, smiling down at someone. She heard her saying, The council does us great honor, my good lords.Whats happening? she asked a squire she knew.The council sent riders from Kings Landing to escort us the residue of the way, he told her. An honor guard for the king.Anxious to see, Sansa let Lady clear a path through the crowd. People moved aside hastily for the direwolf. When she got closer, she saw two knights kneeling before the queen, in armor so fine and gorgeous that it made her blink.One knight wore an intricate suit of white e get wordled scales, splendid as a field of new-fallen snow, with silver chasings and clasps that glittered in the sun. When he removed his helm, Sansa saw that he was an old man with hair as pale as his armor, yet he seemed strong and graceful for all that. From his shoulders hung the pure white cloak of the Kingsguard.His companion was a man near twenty whose armor was make plate of a deep forest-green. He was the handsomest man Sansa had ever set look upon tall and powerfully made, with jet-black hair that fell to his shoulders and framed a clean-shaven face, and laughing green eyes to match his armor. Cradled under one arm was an antlered helm, its magnificent rack shimmering in gold.At first Sansa did not notice the third weird. He did not kneel with the others. He stood to one side, beside their horses, a gaunt grim man who watched the proceedings in silence. His face was pockmark and beardless, with deepset eyes and hollow cheeks. Though he was not an old man, only a few wisps of hair remained to him, sprouting above his ears, but those he had crowing long as a womans. His armor was iron-grey chainmail over layers of boiled leather, plain and unadorned, and it spoke of age and hard use. Above his right shoulder the stain leather hilt of the blade strapped to his back was visible a two-handed greatsword, too long to be worn at his side.The king is gone hunting, but I know he will be pleased to see you when he returns, the queen was saying to the two knights who knelt before her, but Sansa could not take her eyes off the third man. He seemed to feel the weight of her gaze. Slowly he turned his head. Lady growled. A terror as overwhelming as anything Sansa Stark had ever felt filled her suddenly. She stepped backward and bumped into someone.Strong hands grasped her by the shoulders, and for a moment Sansa th ought it was her father, but when she turned, it was the burned face of Sandor Clegane looking down at her, his mouth twisted in a terrible mockery of a smile. You are shaking, girl, he said, his voice rasping. Do I frighten you so much?He did, and had since she had first laid eyes on the ruin that fire had made of his face, though it seemed to her now that he was not half so terrifying as the other. Still, Sansa wrenched away from him, and the Hound laughed, and Lady moved between them, rumbling a warning. Sansa dropped to her knees to wrap her arms around the wolf. They were all gathered around gaping, she could feel their eyes on her, and here and there she heard muttered comments and titters of laughter.A wolf, a man said, and someone else said, Seven hells, thats a direwolf, and the first man said, Whats it doing in camp? and the Hounds rasping voice replied, The Starks use them for wet nurses, and Sansa realized that the two stranger knights were looking down on her and Lady, swords in their hands, and then she was frightened again, and ashamed. crying filled her eyes.She heard the queen say, Joffrey, go to her.And her prince was there.Leave her alone, Joffrey said. He stood over her, beautiful in blue wool and black leather, his golden curls shining in the sun like a crown. He gave her his hand, drew her to her feet. What is it, sweet lady? Why are you afraid? No one will hurt you. rove away your swords, all of you. The wolf is her little pet, thats all. He looked at Sandor Clegane. And you, dog, away with you, youre scaring my betrothed.The Hound, ever faithful, bowed and slid away quietly through the press. Sansa struggled to steady herself. She felt like such a fool. She was a Stark of Winterfell, a noble lady, and someday she would be a queen. It was not him, my sweet prince, she essay to explain. It was the other one.The two stranger knights exchanged a look. Payne? chuckled the young man in the green armor.The older man in white spoke to Sansa g ently. Ofttimes Ser Ilyn frightens me as well, sweet lady. He has a fearsome aspect. As well he should. The queen had descended from the wheelhouse. The spectators parted to make way for her. If the wicked do not fear the Mngs Justice, you have put the wrong man in the office.Sansa finally found her words. Then surely you have chosen the right one, Your Grace, she said, and a gale of laughter erupted all around her. comfortably spoken, child, said the old man in white. As befits the daughter of Eddard Stark. I am honored to know you, however irregular the manner of our meeting. I am Ser Barristan Selmy, of the Kingsguard. He bowed.Sansa knew the name, and now the courtesies that Septa Mordane had taught her over the years came back to her. The Lord Commander of the Kingsguard, she said, and councillor to Robert our king and to Aerys Targaryen before him. The honor is mine, good knight. Even in the far north, the singers praise the deeds of Barristan the Bold.The green knight laughed again. Barristan the Old, you mean. Dont flatter him too sweetly, child, he thinks overmuch of himself already. He smiled at her. Now, wolf girl, if you can put a name to me as well, then I must concede that you are truly our Hands daughter.Joffrey stiffened beside her. Have a care how you address my betrothed.I can answer, Sansa said quickly, to blow out her princes anger. She smiled at the green knight. Your helmet bears golden antlers, my lord. The stag is the sigil of the royal House. King Robert has two brothers. By your extreme youth, you can only be Renly Baratheon, Lord of Storms End and councillor to the king, and so I name you.Ser Barristan chuckled. By his extreme youth, he can only be a prancing jackanapes, and so I name him.There was customary laughter, led by Lord Renly himself. The tension of a few moments ago was gone, and Sansa was beginning to feel comfortable . . . until Ser Ilyn Payne shouldered two men aside, and stood before her, unsmiling. He did not say a word. Lady bared her teeth and began to growl, a low rumble full of menace, but this time Sansa silenced the wolf with a gentle hand to the head. I am sorry if I offended you, Ser Ilyn, she said.She waited for an answer, but none came. As the headsman looked at her, his pale colorless eyes seemed to strip the clothes away from her, and then the skin, leaving her soul naked before him. Still silent, he turned and walked away.Sansa did not understand. She looked at her prince. Did I say something wrong, Your Grace? Why will he not speak to me?Ser Ilyn has not been feeling talkative these past fourteen years, Lord Renly commented with a sly smile.Joffrey gave his uncle a look of pure loathing, then took Sansas hands in his own. Aerys Targaryen had his tongue ripped out with hot pincers.He speaks most eloquently with his sword, however, the queen said, and his devotion to our realm is unquestioned. Then she smiled graciously and said, Sansa, the good councillors and I must speak togethe r until the king returns with your father. I fear we shall have to postpone your day with Myrcella. Please give your sweet sister my apologies. Joffrey, perhaps you would be so kind as to entertain our guest today.It would be my pleasure, Mother, Joffrey said very formally. He took her by the arm and led her away from the wheelhouse, and Sansas spirits took flight. A whole day with her prince She gazed at Joffrey worshipfully. He was so gallant, she thought. The way he had rescued her from Ser Ilyn and the Hound, why, it was almost like the songs, like the time Serwyn of the Mirror Shield saved the Princess Daeryssa from the giants, or Prince Aemon the Dragonknight championing Queen Naeryss honor against evil Ser Morgils slanders.The touch of Joffreys hand on her sleeve made her heart beat faster. What would you like to do?Be with you, Sansa thought, but she said, Whatever youd like to do, my prince.Jofftey reflected a moment. We could go riding.Oh, I love riding, Sansa said.Joffrey glanced back at Lady, who was following at their heels. Your wolf is liable to frighten the horses, and my dog seems to frighten you. Let us leave them both behind and set off on our own, what do you say?Sansa hesitated. If you like, she said uncertainly. I suppose I could tie Lady up. She did not quite understand, though. I didnt know you had a dog . . . Joffrey laughed. Hes my mothers dog, in truth. She has set him to guard me, and so he does.You mean the Hound, she said. She wanted to hit herself for being so decelerate. Her prince would never love her if she seemed stupid. Is it safe to leave him behind?Prince Joffrey looked annoyed that she would even ask. Have no fear, lady. I am almost a man grown, and I dont fight with wood like your brothers. All I need is this. He drew his sword and showed it to her a longsword adroitly shrunken to suit a boy of twelve, gleaming blue steel, castle-forged and double-edged, with a leather grip and a lions-head pommel in gold. Sansa exclai med over it admiringly, and Joffrey looked pleased. I call it Lions Tooth, he said.And so they left her direwolf and his bodyguard behind them, while they ranged east along the north bank of the Trident with no company save Lions Tooth.It was a glorious day, a magical day. The air was warm and heavy with the scent of flowers, and the woods here had a gentle beauty that Sansa had never seen in the north. Prince Joffreys slang was a blood bay courser, swift as the wind, and he rode it with reckless abandon, so fast that Sansa was hard-pressed to keep up on her mare. It was a day for adventures. They explored the caves by the riverbank, and tracked a shadowcat to its lair, and when they grew hungry, Joffrey found a holdfast by its smoke and told them to fetch food and vino for their prince and his lady. They dined on trout fresh from the river, and Sansa drank more wine than she had ever drunk before. My father only lets us have one cup, and only at feasts, she confessed to her princ e.My betrothed can drink as much as she wants, Joffrey said, refilling her cup.They went more slowly after they had eaten. Joffrey sang for her as they rode, his voice high and sweet and pure. Sansa was a little dizzy from the wine. Shouldnt we be starting back? she asked.Soon, Joffrey said. The battleground is right up ahead, where the river bends. That was where my father killed Rhaegar Targaryen, you know. He smashed in his chest, crunch, right through the armor. Joffrey swung an imaginary warhammer to show her how it was done. Then my uncle Jaime killed old Aerys, and my father was king. Whats that go bad?Sansa heard it too, floating through the woods, a kind of wooden clattering, snack snack snack. I dont know, she said. It made her nervous, though. Joffrey, lets go back.I want to see what it is. Joffrey turned his horse in the direction of the sounds, and Sansa had no choice but to follow. The noises grew louder and more distinct, the clack of wood on wood, and as they grew c loser they heard heavy animate as well, and now and then a grunt.Someones there, Sansa said anxiously. She found herself thinking of Lady, wishing the direwolf was with her.Youre safe with me. Joffrey drew his Lions Tooth from its sheath. The sound of steel on leather made her tremble. This way, he said, riding through a stand of trees.Beyond, in a clearing overlooking the river, they came upon a boy and a girl playing at knights. Their swords were wooden sticks, broom handles from the look of them, and they were rushing across the grass, swinging at each other lustily. The boy was years older, a head taller, and much stronger, and he was pressing the attack. The girl, a scrawny thing in soiled leathers, was dodging and managing to get her stick in the way of most of the boys blows, but not all. When she tried to lunge at him, he caught her stick with his own, swept it aside, and slid his wood down hard on her fingers. She cried out and lost her weapon.Prince Joffrey laughed. The b oy looked around, wide-eyed and startled, and dropped his stick in the grass. The girl glared at them, sucking on her knuckles to take the sting out, and Sansa was horrified. Arya? she called out incredulously.Go away, Arya shouted back at them, angry tears in her eyes. What are you doing here? Leave us alone.Joffrey glanced from Arya to Sansa and back again. Your sister? She nodded, blushing. Joffrey examined the boy, an ungainly lad with a coarse, freckled face and thick red hair. And who are you, boy? he asked in a commanding tone that took no notice of the fact that the other was a year his senior.Mycah, the boy muttered. He recognized the prince and averted his eyes. Mlord.Hes the butchers boy, Sansa said.Hes my friend, Arya said sharply. You leave him alone.A butchers boy who wants to be a knight, is it? Joffrey swung down from his mount, sword in hand. Pick up your sword, butchers boy, he said, his eyes bright with amusement. Let us see how good you are.Mycah stood there, fro zen with fear.Joffrey walked toward him. Go on, pick it up. Or do you only fight little girls?She ast me to, mlord, Mycah said. She ast me to.Sansa had only to glance at Arya and see the soused on her sisters face to know the boy was telling the truth, but Joffrey was in no mood to listen. The wine had made him wild. Are you going to pick up your sword?Mycah shook his head. Its only a stick, mlord. Its not no sword, its only a stick.And youre only a butchers boy, and no knight. Joffrey lifted Lions Tooth and laid its point on Mycahs cheek below the eye, as the butchers boy stood trembling. That was my ladys sister you were hitting, do you know that? A bright bud of blood blossomed where his sword pressed into Mycahs flesh, and a slow red line trickled down the boys cheek.Stop it Arya screamed. She grabbed up her fallen stick.Sansa was afraid. Arya, you stay out of this.I wont hurt him . . . much, Prince Joffrey told Arya, never taking his eyes off the butchers boy.Arya went for him .Sansa slid off her mare, but she was too slow. Arya swung with both hands. There was a loud crack as the wood split against the back of the princes head, and then everything happened at once before Sansas horrified eyes. Joffrey staggered and whirled around, roaring curses. Mycah ran for the trees as fast as his legs would take him. Arya swung at the prince again, but this time Joffrey caught the blow on Lions Tooth and sent her broken stick dissolute from her hands. The back of his head was all bloody and his eyes were on fire. Sansa was shrieking, No, no, stop it, stop it, both of you, youre spoiling it, but no one was listening. Arya scooped up a rock and hurled it at Joffreys head. She hit his horse instead, and the blood bay reared and went galloping off after Mycah. Stop it, dont, stop it Sansa screamed. Joffrey slashed at Arya with his sword, screaming obscenities, terrible words, stinky words. Arya darted back, frightened now, but Joffrey followed, hounding her toward the woods, backing her up against a tree. Sansa didnt know what to do. She watched helplessly, almost blind from her tears.Then a grey blur flashed past her, and suddenly Nymeria was there, leaping, jaws shut around Joffreys sword arm. The steel fell from his fingers as the wolf knocked him off his feet, and they rolled in the grass, the wolf snarling and ripping at him, the prince shrieking in pain. secure it off, he screamed. Get it offAryas voice cracked like a whip. NymeriaThe direwolf let go of Joffrey and moved to Aryas side. The prince lay in the grass, whimpering, cradling his mangled arm. His shirt was cockeyed in blood. Arya said, She didnt hurt you . . . much. She picked up Lions Tooth where it had fallen, and stood over him, holding the sword with both hands.Jofftey made a scared whimpery sound as he looked up at her. No, he said, dont hurt me. Ill tell my mother.You leave him alone Sansa screamed at her sister.Arya whirled and heaved the sword into the air, putting her whole body into the throw. The blue steel flashed in the sun as the sword spun out over the river. It hit the water and vanished with a splash. Joffrey moaned. Arya ran off to her horse, Nymeria loping at her heels.After they had gone, Sansa went to Prince Joffrey. His eyes were closed in pain, his breath ragged. Sansa knelt beside him. Joffrey, she sobbed. Oh, look what they did, look what they did. My poor prince. Dont be afraid. Ill ride to the holdfast and bring help for you. Tenderly she reached out and brushed back his soft blond hair.His eyes snapped open and looked at her, and there was nothing but loathing there, nothing but the vilest contempt. Then go, he spit at her. And dont touch me.

Policy and Example Strategic Planning Essay

Identify and describe what it is ab forth strategic plans that make them difficult to implement. Support your argument with an example Strategic think matching organizational objectives and capabilities to the anticipated demands of the environment to produce a plan of action that will ensure achievement of objectives.( Denhardt & Denhardt, 2010) What make strategic plans difficult is hard to plan make a decision that effects multiple people with different beliefs or issues. An example would be immigration reform the us is essay to reform the immigration rules and make a set of laws that effect multiple immigrants but not all immigrants have the same issues or back ground. nearly immigrants or here do to no fault of their own, some ar here on expired visas and others are just here straight knocked out(p) illegally. It hard to make law or a plan for those that are in this country due to no fault of their own.As the author notes, the efficacious communication of a policy analysi s to policymakers is frequently difficult. Explain the sources of this difficulty, and describe at least three ways you might attempt to overcome it. indemnity analysis is the process of querying or analyzing public problems to provide policy makers with specific information about the range of available policy options and advantages and disadvantages of different approaches ( Denhardt & Denhardt, 2010).The author pointed out in Denhardt & Denhardt on page 203 is that the problem is only vaguely understood at the outset, and part of the analyst job to develop background statement or issue a paper that outlines the paper. On method of solving the problem would be to start a focus group or have a town hall meeting to discuss the issues or problems others have faced when it come to the issue you are researching. Two would be to conduct substantial research from various sources such as journals, books, news papers and so fourth, and third talk to people that or at the same agency level are you that could be helpful.

Plathos myth

The Myth of the undermine and a locomote for Emily The stories Myth of the Cave by Plates and A rosaceous for Emily by William Faulkner reveal how people are compelled to live their life In an Illusion or a different behavior rather than to live in mankind, thinking thats how life is supposed to be, non knowing what life really looks like, they make this illusion seem real, at to the lowest degree to them. Even though the plots of the stories are different, they some(prenominal) share similar themes that can elate to each other, such as isolation.In the story A uprise for Emily the characters throw off similar settings in Plat&s Myth. To begin with Plats Myth and a Rose for Emily both stories share the theme of isolation. In Plats Myth prisoners are connected with chains to their necks not allowing them to look sideward, only towards what Is directly in front of them. Behind them there Is a burning fire with people holding up puppets that cast shadows on the wall, making t he prisoners believe that the shadows that they are seeing are real people rather than Just shadows.What It really convinces the prisoners are the echoes and the sounds that fit the shadows. That Is what actually makes them believe that the shadows are real people rather than just an illusion. The prisoners live isolated in the subvert from the real world, being accustomed to the ugliness already. If they would peep out the bright rays of the sun would without doubt harm the prisoners eyes, they would ever let loose. In A Rose for Emily her house plays a big role because when she was younger her father withheld her from suitors which are hat made her get used to staying inside of her house.Even when her father died, she still stayed inside her house. She feels safe within those walls and believes her world inside that space Is reality. Emily like the prisoners, also lives isolated from reality. Both stories share the theme of Isolation or the state of being separated from other people, or a lieu In which you do not have the support of other people. Characters In both stories are Isolated from the outside, from reality. Also in A Rose for Email she has a servant name Toby that goes in and out of the house.Toby is the only one that knows what is going on inside the house but yet does not talk to anybody about it. When Emily dies, after the funeral, and after Emily is buried, the townspeople go upstairs to break into the room, they knew was closed for years. Inside, they found the body of Homer Barron a guy that the townspeople thought it was her partner, dead in the bed. After Emily died the townspeople find out the mystery inside the house. Just like in Plats Myth, Socrates released one of the prisoners we can analyse the necessitous prisoner with Toby in A Rose for Emily.When the prisoner goes out of the cave the light burned his eyes because he was used to the darkness In the cave. The prisoner, after he realized what was outside, finds out that every thing he saw inside In the cave was an Illusion. He finally realized what reality Is. canvas both stones they finally discover what was hidden. The prisoner discovered the real world outside of the cave, and the townspeople in A Furthermore the prisoner that was set free in Plats Myth decides to go back to the cave to tell the other prisoners that what they see in the cave is not real is Just an illusion.That what was outside the cave is reality, but the prisoners dont believe him and laugh at him. The prisoners werent interested of what it was outside of the cave. They also talk about killing the freed prisoner if he tries to set them free. In A Rose for Emily, even after her fathers dead, she still separates herself from the townspeople. She refuses to have a social life out of her house. With the only person that the townspeople saw her with was with Homer, which they believe it was her boyfriend.In both stories we see house both characters are scared to get out of their nurtur e zone because they are already dependent of one place. They feel take prisoner being inside the same place. In the Myth of the Cave by Plato and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner both stories shows similarities in their characters how they isolate themselves in their comfort zone because both of them relay in a place where they dont go away from. For example in Plats Myth is the cave and in A Rose for Emily is the house where she spends her life.It also shows in Plats how one of the prisoners is set free and he discovers that what he sees in the cave was Just an illusion. Like in A Rose for Emily, when she dies the townspeople finally discovers what was hidden in her house. In both stories the characters discover reality but some others refuse to know what reality is. Emily died without knowing the reality outside her house, and the prisoners refused to believe that there is something else outside the cave.

La Noche Boca Arriba Translation

L A NOCHE BOCA ARRIBA Halfway down the long hotel vestibule, he mentation that probably hewas dismissal to be late, and hurried on into the street to cash in ones chips out his pedal from the corner where the next-door superintendent allow himkeep it. On the jewelry shop at the corner he read that it was ten to ninehe had time to spare. The sun filtered through the tall downtown buildings,and hebecause for himself, for just going on snubking, he did not prolonga name-he swung onto the machine, savoring the idea of the ride. Themotor whirred between his legs, and a cool wind whipped his pantslegs.He let the ministries zip past (the pink, the white), and a series of stores on the main street, their windows flash ing. Now he was ascendent the most pleasant part of the run, the real ride a long street bordered withtrees, in truth little traffic, with spacious villas whose gardens rambled all theway down to the side passing plays, which were barely indi cated by low hedges. Abit inattentive perhaps, entirely tooling along on the right side of the street, heallowed himself to be carried forward by the freshness, by the weightlesscontraction of this hardly begun day. This involuntary relaxa tion, possibly,kept him from preventing the accident.When he saw that the womanstanding on the corner had rushed into the crosswalk while he still had thegreen lighting, it was already fairly too late for a simple solu tion. Hebraked hard with foot and hand, wrenching him self to the left he perceive thewoman scream, and at the collision his vision went. It was bid falling asleep all at one time. He came to abruptly. Four or five young men were get ting him out from under the cycle. He felt up the taste of salt and blood, oneknee hurt, and when they hoisted him up he yelped, he couldnt bear the presssure on his right arm.Voices which did not seem to belong to thefaces interruption above him support him cheerfully with jokes and assurances. His oneness solace wa s to hear somewhatone else confirm that thelights indeed had been in his favor. He asked about the woman, trying tokeep down the nausea which was edging up into his throat. While they carried him face up to a nearby pharmacy, he learned that the cause of theaccident had gotten save a few scrapes on the legs. Nah, you barely got her at all, but when ya hit, the impact made the machine jump and flop on its side . . . Opinions, recollections of other smashups, espouse it easy, work him in shoulders first, there, thats fine, and someone in a detritus coat giving him a swallow of some affaire soothing in the shadowy interior of the small local pharmacy. Within five minutes the police ambulance arrived, and they lifted himonto a cushioned stretcher. It was a relief for him to be able to lie out flat. Completely lucid, but real izing that he was suffering the effects of aterrible shock, he gave his information to the officer riding in the ambulance with him. The arm almost didnt hurt b lood dripped down from acut over the eyebrow all over his face.He licked his lips once or twice todrink it. He felt pretty good, it had been an accident, tough luck stay quiet a few weeks, nothing worse. The guard said that the motorcycle didnt seem badly racked up. Why should it, he replied. It all landed on top of me. They both laughed, and when they got to the hospital, the guard shook his hand and wished him luck. Now the nausea was approach path back little by little meanwhile they were pushing him on a wheeled stretcher toward a pavilion further back, rolling along under trees full of birds, he come together his eyes and wished he were asleep or chloroformed.But they kept him for a good while in a room with that hospital smell, choice out a form,getting his clothes off, and dressing him in a stiff, greyish smock. They moved his arm carefully, it didnt hurt him. The nurses were constantly making wise cracks, and if it hadnt been for the stomach contractions hewould stand fe lt fine, almost happy. They got him over to X-ray, and twenty minutes later, with the still- give out negative lying on his chest standardized a black tombstone, they pushed himinto surgery. Someone tall and thin in white came over and began to look at the X rays.A womans hands were arranging his head, he felt that they were moving him from one stretcher to another. The man in white cameover to him again, smiling, some thing gleamed in his right hand. He patted his cheek and made a sign to someone stationed behind. It was unusual as a ambitiousness because it was full of smells, and henever dreamt smells. First a marshy smell, there to the left of the trail theswamps began already, the quaking bogs from which no one ever returned. But the reek lifted, and instead there came a dark, freshcomposite fragrance, like the night under which he moved, in flight fromthe Aztecs.And it was all so natural, he had to run from the Aztecs who had set out on their manhunt, and his sole guess was to find a run tohide in the deepest part of the forest, taking care not to lose the narrow trail which only they, the Motecas, knew. What tormented him the most was the odor, as though,notwithstanding the absolute acceptance of the dream, there wassomething which resisted that which was not habitual, which until that point had not participated in the game. It smells of war, he thought, his hand going instinctively to the stone natural language which was tucked at an angle into hisgirdle of woven wool.An unexpected sound made him crouch suddenly stock-still and shaking. To be afraid was nothing strange, there was plenty of fear in his dreams. He waited, covered by the branches of a shrub and the starless night. Far off, probably on the other side of the big lake, theyd be lighting the coterie fires that part of the sky had a reddish glare. Thesound was not repeated. It had been like a broken limb. Maybe an animal that, like himself, was escaping from the smell of war. He stood er ect slowly, sniffing the air.Not a sound could be heard, but the fear was still following, as was the smell, that cloying incense of the war of the blossom. He had to press forward, to stay out of the bogs and get to the titty of theforest. Groping uncertainly through the dark, stoop ing every other moment to lead the packed earth of the trail, he took a few misuses. He would haveliked to have broken into a run, but the gurgling fens lapped on either sideof him. On the path and in darkness, he took his bear ings. Then he caught a horrible apprehend of that foul smell he was most afraid of, and leaped forward desperately. Youre going to fall off the bed, said the patient next to him. Stopbouncing around, old buddy. He undetermined his eyes and it was afternoon,the sun al ready low in the oversized windows of the long ward. Whiletrying to smile at his neighbor, he detached himself almost physically fromthe utmost scene of the nightmare. His arm, in a plaster cast, hung suspend ed from an appa ratus with weights and pulleys. He felt thirsty, asthough hed been running for miles, but they didnt want to give him muchwater, barely enough to moisten his lips and take away a mouthful.The fever was winning slowly and he would have been able to sleep again, but hewas enjoying the pleasure of keeping awake, eyes half-closed, listening tothe other patients intercourse, answer a question from time to time. He saw a little white pushcart come up beside the bed, a blond nurserubbed the front of his second joint with alcohol and stuck him with a fat needleconnected to a tube which ran up to a bottle filled with a milky, opales cent liquid. A young intern arrived with some metal and leather apparatus whichhe adjusted to fit onto the good arm to check something or other.Night fell,and the fever went along dragging him down softly to a state in whichthings seemed embossed as through opera glasses, they were real and soft and, at the identical time, vaguely distaste fu l like sitting in a boring movie and thinking that, well, still, itd be worse out in the street, and staying. A cup of a wondrous golden broth came, comprehend of leeks, celery and parsley. A small hunk of bread, more precious than a whole banquet,found itself crumbling lit tle by little. His arm hardly hurt him at all, and only in the eyebrow where theyd taken stitches a quick, hot pain siz zled occasionally.When the big windows across the way turned to smudges of dark blue, he thought it would not be difficult for him to sleep. Still on hisback so a little un comfortable, running his tongue out over his hot, too-dry lips, he tasted the broth still, and with a sigh of bliss, he let himself drift off. First there was a confusion, as of one drawing all his sensations, for that moment blunted or muddled, into himself. He realized that he wasrunning in pitch dark ness, although, above, the sky criss-crossed withtreetops was less black than the rest. The trail, he thought, Ive gotten off the trail. His feet sank into a bed of leaves and mud, and then he couldnt take a step that the branches of shrubs did not whiplash against his ribsand legs. Out of breath, knowing despite the darkness and silence that hewas surrounded, he crouched down to listen. Maybe the trail was very near, with the first daylight he would be able to see it again. Nothing now could help him to find it. The hand that had unconsciously gripped the haft of the dagger climbed like a fen scorpion up to his neck where the protecting amulet hung.Barely moving his lips, he mumbled thesupplication of the corn which brings about the beneficent moons, and the prayer to Her Very High ness, to the distributor of all Motecan possessions. At the same time he felt his ankles sinking deeper into the mud, and thewaiting in the darkness of the obscure grove of live oak grew intolerable tohim. The war of the blossom had started at the beginning of the moon and had been going on for three days and three nights now. If he man aged tohide in the depths of the forest, getting off the trail further up past the marsh country, perhaps the warriors wouldnt follow his track.He thought of the many prison ers theyd already taken. But the issue forth didnt count,only the consecrated period. The hunt would continue until the priests gave the sign to return. Everything had its number and its limit, and it was within the sacred period, and he on the other side from the hunters. He heard the cries and leaped up, knife in hand. As if the sky wereaflame on the horizon, he saw torches mov ing among the branches, very near him. The smell of war was unbearable, and when the first enemy jumped him, leaped at his throat, he felt an almost-pleasure in sinking thestone blade flat to the haft into his chest.The lights were already around him, the happy cries. He managed to cut the air once or twice, then a ropesnared him from behind. Its the fever, the man in the next bed said. The same thing happened to me when they operated on my duode num. Take some water,youll see, youll sleep all right. Laid next to the night from which he came back, the tepid shadow of the ward seemed delicious to him. A vio let lamp kept watch high on the far wall like a guardian eye. You could hear coughing, deep breathing, once ina while a conversation in whispers.Everything was pleas ant and secure,without the chase, no . . . But he didnt want to go on thinking about thenightmare. There were lots of things to amuse himself with. He began tolook at the cast on his arm, and the pulleys that held it so com fortably inthe air. Theyd left a bottle of mineral water on the night table beside him. He put the neck of the bottle to his mouth and drank it like a preciousliqueur. He could now make out the different shapes in the ward, the thirty beds, the closets with glass doors. He guessed that his fever was down,his face felt cool.The cut over the eye brow barely hurt at all, like arecollection. He saw himself leaving th e hotel again, wheeling out thecycle. Whod have thought that it would end like this? He tried to fix themoment of the accident exactly, and it got him very angry to notice that there was a void there, an emptiness he could not manage to fill. Betweenthe impact and the mo ment that they picked him up off the pavement, the pass ing out or what went on, there was nothing he could see. And at thesame time he had the musical note that this void, this nothingness, had lasted aneternity.No, not even time, more as if, in this void, he had passed acrosssome thing, or had run back gigantic distances. The shock, the brutal dashing against the pavement. Anyway, he had felt an immense relief incoming out of the black pit while the people were lifting him off the ground. With pain in the broken arm, blood from the split eyebrow, contusion on theknee with all that, a relief in returning to daylight, to the day, and to feel sustained and attended. That was weird. Someday hed ask the doctor at the office about that.Now sleep began to take over again, to pull himslowly down. The pillow was so soft, and the coolness of the mineral water in his fevered throat. The violet light of the lamp up there was beginning toget dim and dim mer. As he was sleeping on his back, the position in which he came to did not surprise him, but on the other hand the damp smell, the smell of oozing flap, blocked his throat and forced him to understand. Open the eyes and look in all directions, hopeless. He was surrounded by an absolutedarkness. Tried to get up and felt ropes pinning his wrists and ankles.Hewas staked to the ground on a floor of dank, icy stone slabs. The cold bit into his naked back, his legs. Dully, he tried to touch the amulet with hischin and found they had stripped him of it. Now he was lost, no prayer could save him from the final . . . From afar off, as though filtering throughthe gem of the dungeon, he heard the great kettledrums of the feast. They had carried him to the tem ple, he was in the underground cells of Teo calli itself, awaiting his turn. He heard a yell, a hoarse yell that rocked off the walls. Another yell,ending in a moan.It was he who was screaming in the darkness, he wasscreaming because he was alive, his whole body with that cry fended off what was coming, the inevitable end. He thought of his friends filling up theother dungeons, and of those already walk ing up the stairs of the sacrifice. He uttered another choked cry, he could barely open his mouth, his jawswere twisted back as if with a rope and a stick, and once in a while they would open slowly with an endless exertion, as if they were made of rubber. The creaking of the wooden latches jolted him like a whip. Rent,writhing, he fought to rid himself of the cords sinking into his flesh.His right arm, the strongest, strained until the pain became unbear able and he had to give up. He watched the double door open, and the smell of the torchesreached him before the light did. Barely girdled by the ceremonial loincloths, the priests acolytes moved in his direction, looking at him withcontempt. Lights reflected off the sweaty torsos and off the black hair dressed with feathers. The cords went slack, and in their place thegrappling of hot hands, hard as bronze he felt himself lifted, still face up,and jerked along by the four acolytes who carried him down the passageway.The torchbearers went ahead, indistinctly light ing up the corridor with its dribble walls and a ceiling so low that the acolytes had to duck their heads. Now they were taking him out, taking him out, it was the end. Face up, under a mile of living rock which, for a succession of moments,was lit up by a glimmer of torchlight. When the stars came out up thereinstead of the roof and the great terraced steps rose before him, on firewith cries and dances, it would be the end.The passage was never going to end, but now it was beginning to end, he would see sud denly the opensky full of stars, but not y et, they trundled him along endlessly in thereddish shadow, hauling him roughly along and he did not want that, but how to stop it if they had torn off the amulet, his real heart, the life center. In a single jump he came out into the hospital night, to the high,gentle, bare ceiling, to the soft shadow wrapping him round. He thought hemust have cried out, but his neighbors were peacefully snoring.The water in the bottle on the night table was somewhat bubbly, a translucent shapeagainst the dark azure shadow of the windows. He panted, looking for some relief for his lungs, amnesty for those images still glued to his eyelids. Each time he shut his eyes he saw them take shape instantly, and he sat up, completely wrung out, but savoring at the same time the surety that now he was awake, that the night nurse would answer if he rang, that soonit would be daybreak, with the good, deep sleep he usually had at that hour, no im ages, no nothing . . . It was difficult to keep his eyes open, t hedrowsiness was more powerful than he.He made one last effort, hesketched a intercommunicate toward the bottle of water with his good hand and did not manage to reach it, his fingers closed again on a black emptiness, and the passageway went on endlessly, rock after rock, with momentary ruddy flares, and face up he choked out a dull moan because the roof was about to end, it rose, was opening like a mouth of shadow, and the acolytesstraightened up, and from on high a waning moon fell on a face whoseeyes wanted not to see it, were resolution and opening desperately, trying to pass to the other side, to find again the bare, protecting ceiling of the ward.And every time they opened, it was night and the moon, while they climbed the great terraced steps, his head hanging down backward now, and up at he top were the bonfires, red columns of perfumed smoke, and suddenly he saw the red stone, shiny with the blood dripping off it, and the spinning arcs cut by the feet of the victim whom they pulled off to throw him rolling down the north steps.With a last hope he shut his lids tightly, moaning towake up. For a second he thought he had gotten there, because oncemore he was immobile in the bed, except that his head was hanging downoff it, swinging. But he smelled death, and when he opened his eyes hesaw the blood-soaked fig ure of the executioner-priest coming toward himwith the stone knife in his hand.He managed to close his eyelids again,although he knew now he was not going to wake up, that he was awake,that the marvelous dream had been the other, absurd as all dreams are-adream in which he was going through the strange avenues of anastonishing city, with green and red lights that burned without fire or smoke, on an enormous metal insect that whirred away between his legs. In the infinite he of the dream, they had also picked him up off the ground,some one had approached him also with a knife in his hand, approached him who was lying face up, face up with his eyes closed between thebonfires on the steps.

Game theory in setting quantity oligopoly Essay

risque opening is a formal study of infringe and cooperation in economics. In fact, it is usually concerned with predicting the real out dumbfound of the zippys of strategy where the electromotive force individuals view rudimentary awareness about the others plans. The game theoretic concepts usually apply whenever the actions of several agents are interdependent. Probably, these agents are either, groups, individuals or squares. The concepts of game theory give a language to prepare a structure, analyze, and comprehend deliberate scenarios. Game theory has straight relevance to the study conduct of the venture as well as the process of the firms in oligopolistic markets. A good approach is the decisions that companies takeover pricing and levels of production. Also, how much mvirtuosoy bespeaks to be invested in re explore and development expenditure (Bin more than, 1993). Oligopoly is a type of imperfectly agonistic markets. It has unless a few sellers, provide a related or identical product to the buyers in the market. Collusion in economics is simply an agreement of two or more firms with an aim to exclude a cope with of competing companies in the market so that may obtain high profits. It is clearly that challenger in the oligopolistic markets reduces accelerating the murder of that tacit consent. For that reason mevery firms quit the marketing operations enhancing profitability to the relating competitors because deteriorating their economic decisions. This results to complete looseness of the bowels of the firms. The output of the secret approval increases since most of the firms have quit the market others loosen their significanceum to adhere to the coming(prenominal) changes launched in by the oligopolistic markets (Mertens, 1994). As a matter of fact, this starts advantageous to the remaining firms in the market (Thomas, 2003). It is say that secret approval is a characteristic trait of oligopolistic firms. Stiff co ntestation and interdependent decision- fashioning encourage oligopolistic firms to cooperate. In fact, unmatched way to lessen the oligopolistic jibe is joined together and meets targeted forces forming connivance. There are two main types of collisions in an oligopolistic market. Exclusively, include explicit collusion and implicit collusion. Explicit collusion is a type of collusion which has more two than firms in the same sedulousness. It is formally agreed to control the market force on their take in way whereas implicit collusion also more than two firms in the same business scarce informally they have the similar outlook in the market, habitually with nothing more than interdependent (Binmore, 1993).The legal injury collusion is a form of criminal offense since several firms work as a squad so as to keep the worth of commodity high with an aim to receive huge income. The relating firms touch necessarily try to chase out their competitor.History and repair of game t heory In nineteenth century, game theory was first discovered by one of the early inventors. Consequently, in 1838, the first issuance was done by Antoine Cornet. In broad spectrum, he came up with well-formulated researchers on the Mathematical Principles of this kind of theory basing on wealth. He went further to illustrate more on the principles of the publication relating to the game theory. Notably, he essay to explain the underlying rules constituting the actual behavior of the duopoly in the discipline. Even though this publication was associated with the theory of Games and economic science character in 1944, it had the latest principles of game theory that were formulated in it. The game theory has been greatly applied to the behavior of producers with few or one competitor. This perspective of the game theory was conceived by Von von Neumann in 19th century. In macroeconomics, oligopolistic markets are characterized by a few, large firms and its differences from the other market structures as stated above. It is noted that more competitive markets in the firms are of smaller size and its firms behavior have slight or no effect on its close competitors. Besides this oligopoly markets changes its output, fatten into a new market, provides modern services and even advertize. This pass on have a consequential impact on the market competitors, therefore, increasing the profitability. This enhances more power in the market operation hence deviating losings had to be encountered. For this reason, the firms in oligopolistic markets are always considering the act of their competitors when implementing their economic decisions. The oligopolistic owners strictly tackle any leakages in their market so that they may attain their set goals and formulated objectives.Information exchange in collusion In broad spectrum, tuition is an essential tool in planning to come up with vaned and complete mechanization of the involving firms. Basing this argument on the game theory, it is realized that in decision making, knowledge is importantly employed. For that reason, a sure-fire collusion in the oligopoly market has sophisticated means on how to underlie its perspectives in a manner that no rival firm come to know. Therefore, crude ideas empower any collusion with a vision to reduce their competitors in the market. Advances in economic theory have enabled the economists to set competitive distinctions between different types of study exchanged between the firms. The required beneficial effect on the consumers and potential side-effects for competition depend on the nature and characteristic of the info that exchanged and also the type of competition in the market. Therefore, it should be known that firm owns the secret in the industry such as firms prices, sales, approach demand and other parameters.According to game theory, the competitors are not supposed to get any of this secretive randomness. Competition authorities are strict ly suspicious when information is conveyed especially about prices and quantities because this information is normally significant for monitoring deviations from collusive arrangements and hence empowering collusion. most(prenominal)ly exchange of information on the cost and demand is seen in another dimension and more favorably. However, information about the prices and quantities is used to convey information about the cost or demand in collusion. For instance, when the firms share information on the past or current prices and quantities inform other players about the demand in the market. This enables their rivals to obtain inferences on how to predict the proximo period which is against the game theory. Notably, this will weaken their collusion that later on begins to deteriorate in their beingness in the market. As a matter of fact, demand and cost information is useful since is the central share for predicting coming(prenominal) demand. Effective collusion needs good c oordination that is well supported by the exchange of information about their plans. This monitors the execution of the collusion in some days to come. In so doing, their rivals will be unable to out-compete them. They become prominent in the market achieving their set goals and objectives. The aggregated information determines whether the collusion will succeed or not. This depends on how the decision making is done. The aggregated information means anonymous or individualized information. Probably, such information may be valuable to the firms. Therefore, it is necessary to know who or where a certain estimate has been made or whether it is enough to comprehend the private signals in the entire industry. In addition, information can be either private or public. The effects of information exchange exceedingly differ depending on whether the information is made public or kept private, especially in the industry that exchange information. The game theory does not support exposure o f the firms intentions. Definitely, they try it, their rival players will come up with the newest perspectives to out-compete them. Therefore, this should be done privately for future success (Thomas, 2003). It realized that if the information does not give rise to competition distress it will be definitely positive to welfare. Indeed, the avail from information exchange is large compared to its demerits. There are quite number of the ways in which information exchange is useful in the welfare. Information exchange is a great part of the discovery utensil in the industry economy. This implies that through exchange of information in between the formed collusion encourages elaboration of the market economy. It also improves investment decision and organization learning. It is only through information where collusion members come up with complete ideas to uplift their set goals. Information exchange also results to output adjustments and get downing search costs in the firm. In th e world, information is really required about the demands and rival activities. Notably, the firms would have to become accustomed to the changing circumstances by a trial and error process. Information exchange is a great tool in playing the role of uplifting market economy in collusion hence output in the firms.Impact of sharp behavior in collusion Rationality is one way of decision-making practice wherein a firm exercises prudent choice making that gives it a maximum do of benefit. Rational behavior usually facilitates decision making that is not productive in collusion. But it only strives to achieve benefits that are mostly achievable in nature. This usefulness can be either financial or non-monetary. The word monetary stands for finance activities whereas non-monetary is associated with non-financial activities in a company. Therefore, any come onning firm considers the by-line perspectives. This kind of decision making may not possible return materially to the firms a t that moment on (Chatterjee, 2014). Therefore, rational choice theory is an economic principle. It states that firms collapse prudent and logical decisions so as to attain a complete satisfaction in the firm due to its abundant benefits. The output of collusion increases over eon due to changes made in by the decision makers. The identified plans that based on rational behavior usually alter operation of oligopolistic market. Operations may greatly expand performance of the company undermining its valuable transactions. When the collusion need to uplift its operation have to be economical on the way do operate their activities so that can observe a slight differences. Notably, some measures need to be employed to overcome its competition from its rivals. The firms recruit innovative and competent staffs to invest great probability in the organization. Competent economists formulate ideas flourishing functionality of the collusion hence uplifting profits, quantity, and its di gnity. This shows how game theory is significantly applied in the oligopolistic market basing on the rational behavior. It is preferably considered as a means of competition through decision making. This scares rival players in the market such that are unable to operate their firms. collectible to this restrict, many firms in the markets are readily to be dissolved. The cause of this is just continuous losses experient on every end fiscal year resulting to dissolution. According to game theory, rational behavior is greatly a crucial tool required to make decisions that are needed to eliminate relating firms in the market. Most importantly, competing firms quantity reduces as well as its income accelerates due to well-played game theory in the oligopolistic market. Mainly intellect has a positive impact to the prudent collusion. Therefore, game theory is correlated to rationality behavior as far as decision making is concern in an oligopolistic market as mentioned earlier. On ly that rational behavior is conditions suitable for accomplishing this specified theory (Mertens, 1994). Even though, participating firms can employ it, frequently is determined by competency of the collusion.Impact of time eyeshot in the collusion In economics, time purview is also referred to as a planning horizon, is a fixed point of time in the future at which some activities will be evaluated. It is noted that is specified a time when all plotted activities or processes are supposed to terminate. Therefore, time horizon is a vital condition to any successful stakeholders. It enhances a strict time layout on how to operate your business transactions before targeted deadline. This minimizes time wastage and considers it as a significant factor in implementing business laws. Actually, the set objectives and underlain goals, with the cooperation of competent experts in business, are easy achieved. Time horizon has optimum benefits to those who put it into consideration. Collusions have unique pathways on how they operate their organizational activities. Additions to that have business ethics for guiding set goals to reach its financial year and attain them. For a successful collusion, time horizon is much in demand to eradicate other firms out of the market. Especially, it needs strictness so that the set firms goal is accomplished on reaching time horizon. It confers beaming future to competing firms enhancing increase output in the collusion. Time horizon sharpens performance of the most firms with an aim to make more profits in their organizations. Similarly, time horizon is a beneficial condition on practicing game theory in an oligopolistic market. It creates immense difference in the industry. The time horizon can be a month, a week or a year depending on the decision of the firm (Mertens, 1994).Broadly, time horizon is a viable and secret tool that empowers collusion to diminish performance of its rivals in the industry. Eventually, it bec omes determinant condition in collusion lead-in the business to enjoy huge profits and crude output. Collusion lowers its products price encouraging more sales whereas its rivals remain constant to the initial price. Cost is usually lower hence encouraging more sales due to high demand. The collusion stagnates in the same price until time horizon comes. At that planning horizon, several firms would have left the industry enabling collusion with uncompetitive environment to work on (Chatterjee, 2014).Conclusion In broad spectrum, game theory deals with decision making that reinforce competition perspectives in the market. It is kind of a game whereby participating individuals hide their intentions purposely to win over the other. In this case, information, rationality, and time horizon are determinant conditions that boost succession of collusion in an oligopolistic market. It signifies that to acquire viable benefits in the market has to employ well-formulated conditions.Therefo re, cost, demand, and quantity differ from relating firms in the industry. Strictly, collusion tries to lower its prices with an aim to increase its output and eliminate the number of firms in the industry. Similarly, quantity in the industry increases with increased prices from other firms. Due to that reason number of consumers in those firms reduces joining newly formed collusion. This enforces rivals to reduce its prices of their products leading to uncountable losses hence leading to collapsing of many firms. The collusion succeeds its target of eliminating other firms from the industry henceforth starts enjoying oligopolistic benefits including profits. recognitionBinmore, K. (1993). Frontiers of game theory. Cambridge, Mass. u.a. MIT Press Telser, L. G. (1971). Competition, collusion, and game theory. London Macmillan.Chatterjee, K., & Samuelson, W. (2014). 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