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Question: Discuss about the Review On Fourth Revolution Of Industry. Answer: Introduction to the literature review The literature review is about the industrial revolution of the fourth revolution of industry (industry 4.0). In the literature, a summary of various aspects of the industry will be explored comprehensively. The literature review covers the significant differences between industry 3.0 and industry 4.0. Major challenges, as well as the opportunities of industry 4.0, will be given. It will further provide various information technology strategies of this era of the industrial revolution. A detailed analysis of the transformations that industry 4.0 has brought in the interconnected and competitive industry against industry 3.0 will also get evaluated. Industry 4.0 has come up as a result of technological advancements. Differences between industry 4.0 and industry 3.0 According to Fritscher and Pigneur 2009, industry 3.0 entails already interconnected industry. It is, therefore, the current technological solutions in the world of automation being experienced by current industries. They are commonly called digital industries, whose revolution began in the 1970s with the advancement in technology. During this era, various changes and more robots were brought in the assembly line to accomplish most tasks that were done by individuals. For example, there was the use of programmable robots and logic controllers. The era is characterized by quality analysis, supply management, product design, and inventory tracking that were realized through load balancing, middleware, Microsoft, web servers, and databases (Fritscher and Pigneur, 2009, p. 44). Unlike industry 3.0, industry 4.0 has come up with the internet of things and advanced means of enhancing production efficiency by companies in the industry. Furthermore, it has brought up high quality analysis of product designs by manufacturing companies, far much better than what industry 3.0 contributed in the industry. The publication made by Johnson and Christen 2008, reveals that Industry 4.0, is the fourth era in the industrials revolutions of the cyber-physical system. The era entails storage systems, smart machines, and production equipment with the capacity of autonomously passing information controlling each other independently as well as triggering actions. It is clear that the era provides more advancement in the field of the industry through intensive researches being conducted to shaping the future of such sectors. The industrial evolutions targets at ensuring that efficient operations persist aiming at improving the development of new businesses by creating enormous economic influence as opposed to other industrial evolutions. In this era, industries will ensure that business organizations establish advanced storage systems, advanced production systems with the capacity to exchange information through digital means (Johnson and Christeen, 2008, p.51). Increased evolution in the producti on sector by most companies has been enhanced by industry 4.0 which has come up with technologies that improve machine efficiency regarding time, the quantity of produces, as well as quality products as demanded by customers in the market. Challenges of industry 4.0 The scholars such as Lee and Yang 2015 revealed that industry 4.0 is encountered by some obstacles which barricade these industries from realizing the set goals of the industrial revolutions. The problem of insufficient qualification of employees is profound and hence a great Destructor. Additionally, themanagement of the fourth revolution organization needs good planners who are proactive and highly committed towards the achievement of the set objectives to move the industry to a higher level. These attributes are lacking to such leaders who lack vision for their organization (Lee and Yang, 2015, p. 4). Vargo and Lusch 2009 provided evidence that the contemporary industries do not have the planned regulations, standards, and forms of certification which otherwise would have enhanced these businesses to compete favorably with the perspective of remaining at the top. Adopting the new system of a company is another challenge since many jobs will be lost. It is because the fourth generation of the business focuses on the employment of many operations using information technology and automatic processes. Therefore, they deprive job opportunities, particularly to the low-class society. Furthermore, the era encounters threats of redundancy of the industry information technology department, therefore unable to deliver accordingly resulting to failure in enhancing creativity and innovation which are the two major tools that determine the success of the industrial operations (Vargo and Lusch, 2009, p. 19). Information Technology strategies Studies made by Patel and Giaglis 2009 reveal that industries of generation 4.0 focus on various IT strategies regularly, to make the organization wholly digital. The policies are employed by the organizations as major tools to ensure that decisions pertaining technologies through identification of fundamental technology and gaps required for new inventions are technologically done enhancing development. Such industries, to realize these goals, their stakeholders have set up of European Technology Platforms (ETPs) which aim at supporting development agendas of innovation and creativity in the field of technology. Also, the organizations are guided by digital changes whether vertical or horizontal value chains and services or products of the companies giving them (Partel and Gillis, 2009, p. 167). Osterwalder in his publication 2010 elaborated that for changes to be realized, there is the need for the organizations to launch the internet of things platforms, artificial intelligence, machine learning, cybersecurity, cloud systems and adaptive changes which will cause some transformations in the organizations. Intensive research is another strategy being employed to improve the information technology intending to developing the knowledge drivers and accomplishments needed by the industries. The industry is also expected to impact a four long-term relationship paradigm targeting to change the approach of manufacturing in the European countries. It will focus on enhancing integration of customers in production, processing, and design sections. The technology will also focus on improving working conditions of humans through human-oriented interfaces. The study further elaborates that such organization targets at facilitating communication between individuals, products, and machines with a purpose to provide real-time access to products and product information for the involved entities and the performance of autonomous work progress (Osterwalder, 2010, p. 56). Opportunities for industry 4.0 This type of industry enjoys a wide range of opportunities that accrue as a result of its digitalization. The opportunities are as discussed below Bettaglin and Lamba 2015 expounded that the industry has realized the easier work as a result of the rise not only using workforce but also robots in the factory. The combination of both workers and robots in executing the factory's duties gives it an upper hand to move to higher heights of excellence regarding the production and the time-saving. Also, the invention of autonomous vehicles boasts the supplies. There is also secure communication within the factory between the designers and the factory. This is enabled by the use advanced communication technologies and sensor network which easily links them (Bettaglin and Lamba, 2015, p. 44). Barguet and Amigo 2013 revealed that the manufacturing industry enjoys a wide range of potential that is made available by their use of smart technologies. The Engineers access timely feedback on the prediction of the cost and performance hence take an appropriate measure. Furthermore, the factory processes can be assigned automatically using the highly digitalized factory equipment and machines (Barquet and Amigo, 2013, p.694). Badden-Fuller and Haefliger 2013 propounds that it is possible to predict the failure of the equipment thus taking appropriate and timely preventive measure to curb it, this is possible because of the smart factories. In such a case, the maintenance team is summoned to act before things go bizarre (Badden-Fuller and Haefliger, 2013, p. 420). Industry 4.0 has come up with numerous technological revolutions that facilitate industry growth and development in the engineering and technology sector. The invention of the internet of things has made it easier for the maintenance team to repair and service manufacturing machines in a more fast and prompt manner. According to the publication made by Arnold.et.al 2016, lack to bracing new technologies will not only face out companies from succeeding in business but instead it will be difficult for such companies to compete with those that have embraced it. Reports have also shown that smart factories cannot be equated with others regarding the amount of the money they make. This is a clear indication that of it enjoys incredible profits. There is, therefore, need for all companies to embrace the smart factories so as also to enjoy the many opportunities it harbors (Arnold, Kiel, and Voigt, 2016, p. 44). The adoption of the internet of things in the industry by companies has been a perfect strategy for enhancing productivity efficiency thus the right perspective of gaining a competitive advantage to companies that operate under sector 4.0. With this increased use of industry 4.0 by companies, the quality of goods and services offers is unique and thus satisfying customers who show loyalty to co mpanies and market the brand to their colleagues. As a result, competitive advantage by companies in the industry against competitors is achieved. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that the revolution era of industry 4.0 is the most efficient phase of the industrial revolution which will ensure that such sectors are fully automated as well as digitalized. 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